Integrating disciplinary research into an interdisciplinary framework: A case study in sustainability research

The complexity of today’s research problems increasingly demands that scientists move beyond the confines of their own discipline. In this special issue, the basics of a transdisciplinary framework are established and problems analyzed in a specific discipline are successfully integrated in this transdisciplinary network. The intent has been to go beyond only statements about the importance of enabling early stage researchers to work across disciplinary boundaries, and to show that important discoveries are being made at the intersection of disciplines. Embedding various research projects in a more global framework can meet the demands of an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approach (especially for early stage researchers) and contribute significantly to sustainable research.     

A study on the orbit of air temperature movement

In this paper, we describe an air temperature movement by mapping its time series to the polar coordinates: the value of the time series is plotted on the radial coordinate and the time on the angular coordinate. In this way, both the yearly and daily air temperature movements from five different locations of China are used to demonstrate that, in an intuitionistic view, air temperature movement is neither random nor chaotic, but has its own orbit. We then propose an elliptic orbit model for the air temperature movement. Our proposed model provides quite good results when it is applied to the evaluation of yearly air temperature movements in eight locations in various parts of the world, and the evaluation of daily air temperature movements in five locations in Hunan Province of China on December 17, 2005. Results show that our approach provides a concise and helpful model for air temperature analysis.     

“引江济太”对太湖北部底质及水质总磷的影响

应用GIS技术研究了"引江济太"对太湖北部底质与水质总磷(TP)浓度的影响。研究结果表明,2014—2019年,调水北部沿线4个点位底质TP浓度降幅为59.8%～80.5%;不同点位的水质TP浓度变化存在差异,入湖口点位下降14.1%,沿线其他点位分别上升37.4%、38.6%和45.0%。从空间分布来看,太湖水质TP始终呈明显的"西高东低"分布特点,但底质TP的分布未显示出该类规律。望亭水利枢纽调水情况与入湖口5#点位底质TP浓度呈一定程度的正相关,在调水入湖水量大于出湖水量的年份,5#点位底质TP浓度会偏高。"引江济太"会对太湖北部调水沿线,特别是入湖口附近水域的TP含量产生较大影响,并通过水流迁移与底质再悬浮释放影响下游水域。如何降低望虞河及周边支流的入湖泥沙量将是今后开展科学调水、保障贡湖水源地水质安全的重点研究方向之一。     

2017年上半年北京市及周边地区空气质量特征分析

依托北京市、廊坊市和保定市高密度的地面空气质量监测、气象要素监测以及PM_2.5化学组分监测和后向轨迹分析等手段，对2017年上半年三地的空气质量进行分析。研究发现：三地中北京市空气质量较好，保定市较差。分污染物来看，保定市SO₂浓度水平明显高于廊坊市和北京市，颗粒物PM₁₀和PM_2.5也呈现保定市最高、北京市最低的规律。从污染物日变化来看，CO、SO₂、NO₂、PM₁₀和PM_2.5呈双峰型分布，O₃呈单峰型分布。从区域整体分布规律来看，PM_2.5和SO₂呈现明显的"南高北低"特征。PM_2.5化学组分分析结果表明：1—4月燃煤对该区域空气质量的影响较大，5—6月机动车排放的影响更为凸显。后向轨迹分析结果表明：在2017年上半年到达北京市的气流中有24%来自于北京市南部，且这些气流多为低空传输，表明区域传输对于北京市空气质量具有一定的影响。     

Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach

A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood event compared with runoff from other land use areas in this catchment, and tends to increase for small floods and for the dry season floods, whereas the interflow from forested, pasture and agricultural field areas contributes to the recession flow. Significant variations in flood volume, peak discharge, time to the peak, etc., are found from the model simulation based on the three hypothetical land use change scenarios.     

Application of a checklist for quality assistance in environmental modelling to an energy model

Large, complex energy models present considerable challenges to develop and test. Uncertainty assessments of such models provide only partial guidance on the quality of the results. We have developed a model quality assistance checklist to aid in this purpose. The model checklist provides diagnostic output in the form of a set of pitfalls for the model application. The checklist is applied here to an energy model for the problem of assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Use of the checklist suggests that results on this issue are contingent on a number of assumptions that are highly value-laden. When these assumptions are held fixed, the model is deemed capable of producing moderately robust results of relevance to climate policy over the longer term. Checklist responses also indicate that a number of details critical to policy choices or outcomes on this issue are not captured in the model, and model results should therefore be supplemented with alternative analyses.     

城市人居环境的协调发展度研究——以上海市青浦区为例

城市人居环境的可持续发展体系是一个由人口、社会、资源、环境与经济5个子系统构成的开放巨系统。通过提出综合衡量系统“协调性”和“发展水平”的“协调发展度”模型，研究人居环境复合系统内5个子系统之间协调发展度情况。并运用灰色预测理论构建GM（1，N）动态模型，预测未来几年各子系统之间协调发展的状况。     

花岗岩类岩体与金矿床成因关系的探讨

花岗岩类岩体与金矿床存在着密切的空间联系，其成因关系一直是矿床学界争论的焦点，目前传统的岩浆热液成因观点仍居统治地位。随着地质资料的积累，高温高压实验技术，尤其是金矿床同位素定年技术的进展，传统观点受到了严峻挑战。成岩成矿的时代与时差、成矿流体的来源和成矿物质的来源等确定金矿床成因类型关键因素的综合研究表明，有密切空间关系的金矿床与花岗岩类岩体之间，在多数情况下两者并无直接的成因联系，金矿床不是岩浆热液成因，而是与大气降水或建造水有关的改造成矿作用的产物。     

水霉科真菌在北京地区不同污染水体中的分布和数量变化

对北京地区水霉科真菌在不同污染水体中分布和数量变化的调查研究表明,水霉科游动孢子在水体中的数量随水体污染程度的变化而不同:一般在净水中较少,在轻度污染至中度污染的水体中明显增多,污染加重时逐渐下降,在重污染区明显减少,在近于毒污染的水体中则几乎绝迹.可见水霉科真菌在不同污染水体中的分布和数量变化具有一定的规律性,将其用作对水体进行综合评价的一项生物指标的可行性值得进一步研究.     

风能资源评估系统开发与应用

开发风能资源、利用风力发电在我国虽然只有数十年，但其发展却很快，风能作为可再生的清洁能源也越来越受到重视。风能资源评估作为风电资源开发的前提，是风力机选址的关键。介绍了以Visual Basic为开发工具，利用SQL Server为数据库开发而成的风能资源评估系统的结构和特点。经实践证明，本系统缩短了风能资源评价周期，提高了数据处理可靠性。