Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities＇ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

Methanogenic activity of woody debris

The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of methanogenic activity of woody debris, i.e., methane production in the course of wood decomposition by fungi, which are not directly involved in methane synthesis but form an initial link in the trophic chain leading to methanogenic archaea. Expert evaluation of probable amounts of methane emission is made. The results show that woody debris is an important global source of this greenhouse gas.     

资源型城市贵阳市的生态可持续发展研究

生态可持续发展是资源型城市可持续发展的基础。应用生态足迹的方法,对资源型城市贵阳市的生态可持续发展做了定量评估,并分析了影响贵阳市生态可持续发展的社会经济驱动力。贵阳市1999年-2007年间生态足迹从1.447 hm2/cap增长到2.472hm2/cap,而生态承载力从0.551 hm2/cap下降至0.509 hm2/cap,生态足迹远超出生态承载力,生态系统处于不可持续发展状况。但贵阳市生态效率在不断改善,从1999年的0.500万元GDP/hm2生态足迹增长到2007年的0.787万元GDP/hm2生态足迹,生态系统改善仍存在一定契机。人口增加、能耗增加等因素会导致贵阳市生态足迹增加,而增加农作物播种面积则可减少生态足迹。应用生态足迹的方法,有利于分析资源型城市可持续发展的相关问题,最后就如何缓解贵阳市生态系统压力,促进贵阳市生态可持续发展进行了探讨。     

中国能源安全分析:基于最优消费路径视角

进入新世纪以来,中国能源生产不能满足能源需求的强劲增长,导致能源对外依赖性较大,能源进口和海外开发又面临较多挑战。国内能源开发粗放,能源利用效率低下,新能源和可再生能源发展较晚,能源战略储备不完善等问题也很突出。本文在中国具体实际的基础上,通过建立一个简单的两时期消费最优化模型,并综合考虑本国能源与能源进口和海外开发之间、传统能源与新能源和可再生能源的开发与利用之间这两个关键的替代关系及提高能源利用效率的可能影响,得出了中国能源消费的最优跨期消费路径。当前能源消费中的很多问题,包括日益增大的"能源缺口",都源于实际能源消费量严重偏离了这一"最优路径"所规定的消费水平。因此,为了有效缓解乃至从根本上消除中国的"能源缺口",中国能源消费应严格按照此最优跨期消费路径进行,同时尽可能地增加能源进口、加快发展可再生能源和新能源并提高能源使用效率。     

Methodological Basis of Ecological Safety Standards for the Technogenic Impact of Mineral Resource Exploitation

A new methodological approach to the development of biological and technological safety standards for the impact of underground mining on the natural biota is proposed.     

基于GIS的景观生态功能指标分析

针对当前我国规划及战略环评指标体系中缺乏直接反映生态功能指标的问题,提出可通过系统研究区域景观生态结构与景观功能变化间的关系,由斑块面积指数计算生物生产力、由景观香农多样性指数和景观香农均匀度指数反映生态质量,以此表征景观生态功能。以地理信息系统（GIS）为平台,提出了利用基于斑块面积而得到的景观要素转移矩阵及基于年鉴统计而得到的景观单位面积生物生产力的转移矩阵来计算生物生产力的方法,并在统计若干研究流域景观格局异质性指数文献的基础上发掘了景观多样性指数、景观均匀度指数与生态质量间的关系。最后,以江苏省沿江地区2000、2004年的数据开展了实例分析,结果表明,提出的生物生产力和生态质量这两个指标确实能反映区域景观功能的变化,在今后的规划和战略环评中具有一定的应用前景.