辽宁省水环境承载力纵向评价

水环境承载力是一个国家或地区持续发展过程中各种环境承载力的重要组成部分,是在缺水地区制约人类社会发展的"瓶颈",是决定人类经济社会发展速度和规模的重要因素。结合辽宁省实际情况和灰色关联度法确定评价指标体系,并用改进的层次分析法确定指标体系中各指标的权重,再结合"模加和"法计算1999年-2006年水环境承载力,最后分析辽宁省水环境承载力的纵向变化趋势,并针对分析结果提出有效的改善水环境状况的建议,为实现辽宁省水资源的可持续利用提供依据。     

嘧草醚在水稻中的残留消解动态及膳食风险评估

为了评价嘧草醚在水稻生长过程中使用的安全性,于2018—2019年分别在佳木斯、济宁、南昌、宁波4地进行了为期2年的田间试验,研究了嘧草醚在田水、土壤、稻株中的消解动态及稻米、稻壳、稻杆中的最终残留.结果表明：嘧草醚在田水、土壤及稻株中的消解规律均符合一级动力学模型,在4地田水中的消解半衰期（t_1/2）为1.07~3.48 d,土壤中的消解半衰期（t_1/2）为3.14~5.42 d,稻株中的消解半衰期（t_1/2）为4.47~8.08 d.通过对消解半衰期与土壤性质和气候条件的线性回归分析可得,嘧草醚在不同基质中的消解速率均与土壤有机质含量和平均气温呈显著相关.施用1.5倍或2倍推荐使用剂量的嘧草醚后（90或120 g·hm^-2）,收获的稻米籽实中检测出嘧草醚的残留量均未超过日本和韩国规定的最大残留限量（MRL）值（0.05 mg·kg^-1）.通过计算得出每人每天从稻米中所摄入的嘧草醚为0.0037 mg,其风险商值（RQ）为0.0028,处于安全水平.     

微生物还原浸出法回收废旧电池粉末中的金属锰

驯化培养K1、K2、K33株锰还原异养微生物,使微生物耐受电池重金属离子的能力提高。通过微生物的还原作用将二氧化锰还原成二价锰离子回收利用。微生物利用MnO2作为代谢呼吸链最终电子受体,传递氧化有机物产生的电子,还原溶浸锰于介质中。与其他菌株相比,K1菌株表现出很强的金属耐受性,最终浸出率可达93%。     

土壤酸化空间信息模型构建及其在贵州龙里实验区的应用

依托遥感和地理信息系统理论和技术,基于TM数据、气象资料和化学实测数据,将基于能量循环的土壤水平衡模型和基于物质循环的土壤酸化模型相耦合,构建了土壤酸化空间信息模型,解决了土壤化学性质从点尺度到空间尺度的扩展.并以季节尺度模拟了酸沉降对土壤化学性质的影响,分析了贵州省龙里县2007年不同植被类型覆盖土壤受酸沉降影响的定量变化特征,结果表明,①从空间角度来说,在同一季节内,不同植被覆盖类型土壤水的pH值和土壤盐基饱和度的大小关系为:草地混交林灌丛针叶林;②从时间角度来说,土壤水盐基浓度主要与土壤水含量呈负相关性,即浓度随着土壤水含量的增加而降低.不同季节相同指标的浓度由高到低为:春季秋季冬季夏季;③不同植被覆盖类型土壤受相同酸沉降的影响不同,受酸雨影响由大到小为:针叶林灌丛混交林草地.     

安徽某焦化污染场地生物泥浆反应器中试研究案例

多环芳烃（PAHs）尤其是高环PAHs作为焦化污染场地的特征污染物,是一种高毒性、难降解的污染物。生物泥浆生物反应器技术由于具有较高的可调控性,且对难溶解有机物的去除效果好,是一种具有工程化前景的土壤修复工艺。采用自主研发的1 m³泥浆反应罐和商业化的PAHs降解菌剂,在代表性污染土壤进行中试试验,探索了接种菌剂后微生物群落结构变化、优化含固率和微生物反应关键参数的波动范围。结果表明：微生物在营养物质的刺激下,第3~6周快速增殖,其中Hydrogenophaga、Sphingomonadaceae、Pseudomonas等菌属增殖明显,可能参与了PAHs的降解;具有代表性的高环PAHs污染物苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘浓度从几倍于GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量 建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》一类建设用地的管控目标值降至修复目标值以下。针对国内缺少实际场地中试规模数据的问题,获得可靠的泥浆反应器运行数据,有助于推动泥浆生物反应器技术在国内向工程化规模扩展。

     

Exploring the impact of new particle formation events on PM2.5 pollution during winter in the Yangtze River Delta, China

New particle formation（NPF） events are an increasingly interesting topic in air quality and climate science. In this study, the particle number size distributions, and the frequency of NPF events over Hefei were investigated from November 2018 to February 2019. The proportions of the nucleation mode, Aitken mode, and accumulation mode were 24.59%,53.10%, and 22.30%, respectively, which indicates the presence of abundant ultrafine particles in Hefei. Forty-six NPF events occurred during the obser...     

海峡西岸清洁岛屿秋季VOCs特征及来源解析

挥发性有机物（VOCs）是臭氧（O₃）和二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的重要前体物.为夯实国内海岛背景点VOCs监测,研究海峡西岸清洁岛屿平潭VOCs污染特征及来源,探索化学二次生成对清洁岛屿O₃的影响,于2018年秋季,对平潭大气VOCs进行了监测研究.结果表明,平潭2018年秋季VOCs浓度为1.94~52.12 μg·m^-3,平均值为15.54 μg·m^-3,烷烃占比最高（66.02%）,乙烷为浓度的最大物种,达到6.82 μg·m^-3.平潭秋季VOCs浓度日变化呈双峰型,表现出典型的人类活动相关性.经比较甲苯/苯（T/B）可知,平潭秋季VOCs来源主要是交通排放及燃料蒸发.利用正交矩阵分解（PMF）源解析发现,汽车尾气（72.8%）、船舶排放（12.4%）、生物质燃烧（8.7%）、工业排放和溶剂使用（3.5%）和燃料蒸发（2.6%）是平潭VOCs的五大来源.平潭秋季VOCs的O₃生成潜势（OFP）差异较大,其中,烯烃（62.6%） > 烷烃（24.7%） > 芳香烃（12.7%）.当平潭O₃属于VOCs控制型时,控制大气中烯烃的浓度可一定程度上防治平潭O₃的污染.     

Effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The effects of tourmaline on nitrogen removal performance and biofilm structures were comparatively investigated in two identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors(SBBRs)(denoted SBBR1 and SBBR2) at different nitrogen loading rates(NLRs) varying from(0.24 ± 0.01) to(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day). SBBR1 was operated in parallel with SBBR2, but SBBR1 was filled with polyurethane foam loaded tourmaline(TPU) carriers and another(SBBR2) filled with polyurethane foam(PU) carriers. Results obtained from this study showed that the excellent and stable performance of SBBR1 was obtained. Ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were higher in SBBR1 than that in SBBR2 with increase of NLR. At an NLR of(0.24 ± 0.01) g N/(L·day), the majority of the spherical and elliptical bacteria were surrounded by the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) and bacillus or filamentous bacteria in two SBBRs biofilms. When NLR increased to(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day), the clusters were more obvious in the SBBR1 biofilm than that in the SBBR2 biofilm. Bacteria in SBBR1 were inclined to synthesis more EPS, and the formed EPS could protect the bacteria from free ammonia(FA) under extreme condition NLR(1.26 ± 0.02) g N/(L·day). The results of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the microbial community similarity in SBBR2 decreased more obviously than that in SBBR1 with the increase of NLR, which the microbial community in SBBR1 was relatively stable.     

Activated carbons and amine-modified materials for carbon dioxide capture — a review

Rapidly increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has drawn more and more attention in recent years, and adsorption has been considered as an effective technology for CO₂ capture from the anthropogenic sources. In this paper, the attractive adsorbents including activated carbons and amine-modified materials were mainly reviewed and discussed with particular attention on progress in the adsorbent preparation and CO₂ adsorption capacity. Carbon materials can be prepared from different precursors including fossil fuels, biomass and resins using the carbonization-activation or only activation process, and activated carbons prepared by KOH activation with high CO₂ adsorbed amount were reviewed in the preparation, adsorption capacity as well as the relationship between the pore characteristics and CO₂ adsorption. For the amine-modified materials, the physical impregnation and chemical graft of polyethylenimine (PEI) on the different porous materials were introduced in terms of preparation method and adsorption performance as well as their advantages and disadvantages for CO₂ adsorption. In the last section, the issues and prospect of solid adsorbents for CO₂ adsorption were summarized, and it is expected that this review will be helpful for the fundamental studies and industrial applications of activated carbons and amine-modified adsorbents for CO₂ capture.     

开关柜套管屏蔽线安装方法的分析

在进行35kV开关柜投运前的带电检测中,发现某开关柜特高频信号异常,暂态地电压、超声波幅值与背景值比较,超过带电检测规程要求,随后对开关柜进行停电解体检查,发现套管屏蔽线过长,触碰到套管内壁,导致在进行工频交流耐压试验中,击穿空气,造成绝缘放电。 最后提出了相应的处理措施。