Novel management interventions intended to mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity are increasingly being considered by scientists and practitioners. However, resistance to more transformative interventions remains common across both specialist and lay communities and is generally assumed to be strongly entrenched. We used a decision-pathways survey of the public in Canada and the United States (n = 1490) to test two propositions relating to climate-motivated interventions for conservation: most public groups are uncomfortable with interventionist options for conserving biodiversity and given the strong values basis for preferences regarding biodiversity and natural systems more broadly, people are unlikely to change their minds. Our pathways design tested and retested levels of comfort with interventions for forest ecosystems at three different points in the survey. Comfort was reexamined given different nudges (including new information from trusted experts) and in reference to a particular species (bristlecone pine [Pinus longaeva]). In contrast with expectations of public unease, baseline levels of public comfort with climate interventions in forests was moderately high (46% comfortable) and increased further when respondents were given new information and the opportunity to change their choice after consideration of a particular species. People who were initially comfortable with interventions tended to remain so (79%), whereas 42% of those who were initially uncomfortable and 40% of those who were uncertain shifted to comfortable by the end of the survey. In short and across questions, comfort levels with interventions were high, and where discomfort or uncertainty existed, such positions did not appear to be strongly held. We argue that a new decision logic, one based on anthropogenic responsibility, is beginning to replace a default reluctance to intervene with nature. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare (NBC) agents cause an inevitable threat to defense forces and civilians. Exposure to these toxic agents... 相似文献
Red mud emerges as the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer??s process. Based on economics as well as environmental related issues, enormous efforts have been directed worldwide towards red mud management issues i.e. of utilization, storage and disposal. The present research work has been undertaken with an objective to explore the use of red mud as a reinforcing material in the polymer matrix as a low cost option. The silicate layered red mud was organophilized by aniline formaldehyde and to know the effect of various filler loading on the material properties of PVA-organophilized red mud composites, prepared by a conventional solvent casting technique and comparison of the same with that of the virgin poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), various characterizations was done. The modified red mud was typically characterized by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite materials was also studied. The morphological image of the composite materials was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the dispersion of the red mud within the composite materials. The surface topography of the composite materials was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The dielectric properties of composite materials were investigated in wide frequency ranges from 1?MHz to 1?GHz. 相似文献
To solve the recycling challenge for aqueous binder based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a novel process for recycling and resynthesizing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps generated during manufacturing process is proposed in this study. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is employed to separate the cathode material from the aluminum foil. The effects of TFA concentration, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, reaction temperature and time on the separation efficiencies of the cathode material and aluminum foil are investigated systematically. The cathode material can be separated completely under the optimal experimental condition of 15 vol.% TFA solution, L/S ratio of 8.0 mL g?1, reacting at 40 °C for 180 min along with appropriate agitation. LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is successfully resynthesized from the separated cathode material by solid state reaction method. Several kinds of characterizations are performed to verify the typical properties of the resynthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powder. Electrochemical tests show that the initial charge and discharge capacities of the resynthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 are 201 mAh g?1 and 155.4 mAh g?1 (2.8–4.5 V, 0.1 C), respectively. The discharge capacity remains at 129 mAh g?1 even after 30 cycles with a capacity retention ratio of 83.01%. 相似文献
Litter decomposition is a key component in ecosystem material cycling that determines (i) forest soil carbon (C) and nutrient content, (ii) release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and (iii) generation and mass transfer of dissolved organic carbon from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we provide simulations of long term forest-floor litter dynamics generated with both (i) an existing forest nutrient cycling and biomass growth model (ForNBM) with a single-pool formulation of forest-floor litter decomposition (Zhu et al., 2003. Ecol. Model. 169, 347-360), and (ii) a revised version of the model produced by substituting the single-pool formulation with a three-pool version of the formulation tested against data from litterbag experiments (FLDM; Zhang et al., 2010. Ecol. Model. 221, 1944-1953). This is done to determine the importance of subdividing the litter mass into categories of rates of decay (i.e., fast, slow, and very slow) on model accuracy. Forest-forest litter dynamics simulated with the two models are subsequently compared against field measurements collected at several northern jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands along a southwest-northeast oriented transect (climate gradient) associated with the Boreal Forest Transect Case Study in northwest Canada. Initial comparison shows that the single-pool formulation underpredicts residual litter mass when forests are <65 years old, largely due to the improper treatment of the very slow decomposing litter component. This underprediction is resolved when the three-pool formulation is used. From a ecosystems-response point of view, the revised ForNBM (with the three-pool formulation) demonstrates that (i) forest-floor litter initially increases with forest growth and reaches a plateau once the forest matures; (ii) the forest floor stores more litter and C at the southern and warmer sites than at the northern sites; and (iii) in a similar climate regime, the forest floor stores more litter and C at productive than at nutrient-poor sites. 相似文献
The Naaf River estuary is one of the large estuaries in the Bangladesh coastal region not to have been affected by extensive
human disturbance. This research provides information about the fisheries diversity status by Estuarine Set Bag Net (ESBN)
sampling relation to physicochemical variables in both spatio-temporal scales. About 25 km of the lower estuary was divided
into six zones for sample collection by considering the accessibility and availability of the ESBN operation, fish landing
centers and location of the fishing villages. In total 48 samples have been analyzed which were taken throughout March to
October 2006. To quantify the species diversity, all fisheries data were analyzed by using EstimateS and EcoSim software which
accounts the different diversity indices viz., species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity Index, Dominance and Evenness index.
The research results demonstrate that the Naaf River estuary is a habitat of 161 (species richness, Sobs = 161, Choa 1 = 162 ± 2.34,
ACE = 161.73) different species which belong to 98 fin fishes, 23 shrimps and prawns, 13 crabs, 11 molluscs, 3 echinoderms,
4 other crustaceans; while 9 remain unidentified. Results on the aquatic environment, mainly salinity and turbidity were found
to have a major influence on their occurrence and distribution. All the findings indicated that the Naaf River estuary is
a highly productive system and provides a favourable environment for large variety of estuarine species assemblages. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the impacts of different economic, environmental, and social factors on sustainable China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)... 相似文献
The formation of gas hydrates is a major issue during the operation of oil and gas pipelines, because gas hydrates cause plugging, thereby disrupting the normal oil and gas flows. A solution is to inject gas hydrate inhibitors such as ionic liquids. Contrary to classical inhibitors, ionic liquids act both as thermodynamic inhibitors and hydrate inhibitors, and as anti-agglomerates. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been found efficient for the inhibition of CO2 and CH4 hydrates. For CO2 gas hydrates, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium bromide showed an average depression temperature of 1.72 K at 10 wt% concentration. The induction time of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide is 36.3 h for CO2 hydrates at 1 wt% concentration. For CH4 hydrates, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride showed average depression temperature of 4.80 K at 40 wt%. For mixed gas hydrates of CO2 and CH4, only quaternary ammonium salts have been studied. Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide shifted the hydrate liquid vapour equilibrium to 1.56 K at 10 wt%, while tetrabutylammonium hydroxide showed an induction time of 0.74 h at 1 wt% concentration.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the dawn of century, tons of keratin bio-waste is generated by the poultry industry annually, and they end up causing environmental havoc.... 相似文献
Biomineralization, biosilicification in particular (i.e. the formation of biogenic silica, SiO2), has become an exciting source of inspiration for the development of novel bionic approaches following “nature as model”.
Siliceous sponges are unique among silica forming organisms in their ability to catalyze silica formation using a specific
enzyme termed silicatein. In this study, we review the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated “biosilica” formation
in marine sponges, the involvement of further molecules in silica metabolism and their potential application in nanobiotechnology
and medicine.
Werner E. G. Müller dedicated this study to Prof. Vera Gamulin (Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia) in honour of her
unique contributions in molecular evolution. 相似文献