Sensitivity of Stream flow and Water Table Depth to Potential Climatic Variability in a Coastal Forested Watershed1

Dai, Zhaohua, Carl C. Trettin, Changsheng Li, Devendra M. Amatya, Ge Sun, and Harbin Li, 2010. Sensitivity of Streamflow and Water Table Depth to Potential Climatic Variability in a Coastal Forested Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1–13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00474.x Abstract: A physically based distributed hydrological model, MIKE SHE, was used to evaluate the effects of altered temperature and precipitation regimes on the streamflow and water table in a forested watershed on the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain. The model calibration and validation against both streamflow and water table depth showed that the MIKE SHE was applicable for predicting the streamflow and water table dynamics for this watershed with an acceptable model efficiency (E > 0.5 for daily streamflow and >0.75 for monthly streamflow). The simulation results from changing temperature and precipitation scenarios indicate that climate change influences both streamflow and water table in the forested watershed. Compared to current climate conditions, the annual average streamflow increased or decreased by 2.4% with one percentage increase or decrease in precipitation; a quadratic polynomial relationship between changes in water table depth (cm) and precipitation (%) was found. The annual average water table depth and annual average streamflow linearly decreased with an increase in temperature within the range of temperature change scenarios (0-6°C). The simulation results from the potential climate change scenarios indicate that future climate change will substantially impact the hydrological regime of upland and wetland forests on the coastal plain with corresponding implications to altered ecosystem functions that are dependent on water.     

施肥对落叶松人工林植物养分及生理特性的影响

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场的14年生落叶松人工幼龄林为研究对象，对白浆化的暗棕壤林地进行了施肥试验。采用完全随机排列的方法，在林分内设置了9个施肥处理和1个无肥对照。在生长旺盛期测定了叶片和根系的全N和全P质量分数以及光合速率、呼吸速率、叶绿素质量分数等指标。结果表明，单施520kg/hm^2尿素，在提高全N、全P质量分数的同时，还能促进根系对磷素的吸收和利用，增加光合速率和叶绿素质量分数；单施314kg／hm^2磷酸二铵，能加快根系对养分的转移速度，提高光合系数(光合速率／呼吸速率)，且是这些施肥处理中效果最好的施肥水平，这说明此林龄的落叶松林容易缺磷，应适量多施磷肥；处理436kg／hm^2尿素 236kg／hm^2磷酸二铵 133kg／hm^2氯化钾，由于K肥的混入，加快了根系对N、P的转移，使叶片中的质量分数增加，有利于光合作用的进行。因此，合理的施肥措施，不仅能提高落叶松人工林叶片与根系的养分质量分数，还能提高叶片的光合能力。对于此幼龄林，少N多P或N、P、K混合施肥效果最佳。     

大面积镜面电火花加工的实验研究

介绍了大面积镜面电火花加工法现状.通过改变混粉工作液中微粉的种类、浓度、加工参数以及加工面积进行了工艺试验.验证了混粉电火花加工的确能改善表面粗糙度.     

金属材料的超声塑性加工

此文介绍了超声振动在金属塑性加工领域的应用,讨论了超声塑性加工的理论机制和工艺特点,论述了超声场中的材料性能和粘塑性本构关系。     

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用SiO2-TiO2光催化处理含铬废水实验方法

介绍了SiO2-TiO2系玻璃光催化处理合铬废水的实验方法.在Cr6+浓度为80mg/L、体积为100ml的废水中,投加0.7g组成SiO2与TiO2的分子比为8:2的SiO2-TiO2系玻璃,光照反应体系3 h,Cr6+去除率达99.9%.     

脱硫反硝化处理硫酸盐废水的预处理工艺

应用厌氧附着生长反应器对富含硫酸盐和有机物的废水进行预处理,以利于后续脱硫反硝化工艺的运行。当进水pH值为7.5时,硫酸盐和有机物的去除分别可达91.5%和90.5%,硫化物生成率可达47.8%。当HRT在7.7 h时,硫酸盐去除率高达95.79%,有机碳去除率为80%左右,硫化物生成率可达58.82%。结果表明,利于后续脱硫反硝化工艺的硫酸盐还原预处理条件为:HRT为7.7~10.2 h,进水pH为7.5~8。     

Uncertainty analysis on simple mass balance model to calculate critical loads for soil acidity

Simple mass balance equations (SMBE) of critical acid loads (CAL) in forest soil were developed to assess potential risks of air pollutants to ecosystems. However, to apply SMBE reliably at large scales, SMBE must be tested for adequacy and uncertainty. Our goal was to provide a detailed analysis of uncertainty in SMBE so that sound strategies for scaling up CAL estimates to the national scale could be developed. Specifically, we wanted to quantify CAL uncertainty under natural variability in 17 model parameters, and determine their relative contributions in predicting CAL. Results indicated that uncertainty in CAL came primarily from components of base cation weathering (BC(w); 49%) and acid neutralizing capacity (46%), whereas the most critical parameters were BC(w) base rate (62%), soil depth (20%), and soil temperature (11%). Thus, improvements in estimates of these factors are crucial to reducing uncertainty and successfully scaling up SMBE for national assessments of CAL.     

电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置的研究现状

概括了目前典型的电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置——椭圆驱动装置、冲击式驱动装置和蠕动式驱动装置的发展现状,介绍了这些装置的结构和工作原理,分析了其存在的不足,提出了改进措施.最后指出了电极直接驱动的小型电火花加工装置的发展趋势及其应用前景,并首次提出了电火花加工机器人的新概念.     

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