污泥回流对流化床生物膜—A/O活性污泥耦合工艺的影响研究

设计一套流化床生物膜(MBBR)—A/O活性污泥耦合装置处理城镇污水,考察了污泥回流对耦合工艺处理效率的影响,研究了系统中生物膜相和悬浮相微生物在有机物降解和脱氮反应中的活性差异。实验结果表明,当系统进水COD在200~400mg/L,进水氨氮在8.0~32.0mg/L,污泥回流比为1/8时,水力停留时间为12.4h,系统COD去除率平均值达81.4%,TN去除率平均值达70.6%,系统对较难降解城镇污水的处理具有明显的技术优势。污泥回流降低了生物膜相微生物的活性,而提高了悬浮相微生物活性,但生物膜相微生物活性速率仍高于悬浮相微生物活性。与传统活性污泥工艺相比,MBBR—A/O活性污泥耦合工艺将高活性生物膜引入,使悬浮污泥浓度极大降低,有助于减少污泥回流能耗与处理成本,具有明显应用价值。     

火电厂SCR法脱硝催化剂的几个重要指标介绍

以某1000MW机组SCR系统所采用催化剂指标为实例,介绍了火电厂SCR法脱硝中催化剂的作用、成分与种类,重点介绍了催化剂一些重要的物理、化学和性能指标,以及它们对催化剂活性和系统运行的影响。有助于技术人员了解催化剂的关键指标,为催化剂评标、验收以及失效评估工作提供参考。     

Positive Feedback Loop between Introductions of Non‐Native Marine Species and Cultivation of Oysters in Europe

With globalization, agriculture and aquaculture activities are increasingly affected by diseases that are spread through movement of crops and stock. Such movements are also associated with the introduction of non‐native species via hitchhiking individual organisms. The oyster industry, one of the most important forms of marine aquaculture, embodies these issues. In Europe disease outbreaks affecting cultivated populations of the naturalized oyster Crassostrea gigas caused a major disruption of production in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Mitigation procedures involved massive imports of stock from the species’ native range in the northwestern Pacific from 1971 to 1977. We assessed the role stock imports played in the introduction of non‐native marine species (including pathogens) from the northwestern Pacific to Europe through a methodological and critical appraisal of record data. The discovery rate of non‐native species (a proxy for the introduction rate) from 1966 to 2012 suggests a continuous vector activity over the entire period. Disease outbreaks that have been affecting oyster production since 2008 may be a result of imports from the northwestern Pacific, and such imports are again being considered as an answer to the crisis. Although successful as a remedy in the short and medium terms, such translocations may bring new diseases that may trigger yet more imports (self‐reinforcing or positive feedback loop) and lead to the introduction of more hitchhikers. Although there is a legal framework to prevent or reduce these introductions, existing procedures should be improved. Ciclo de Retroalimentación Positiva entre la Introducción de Especies Marinas No‐Nativas y el Cultivo de Ostras en Europa     

Influences of suspended particles on the runoff of pesticides from an agricultural field at Askim, SE-Norway

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the loss of particles from agricultural fields, and the role of suspended particles in carrying pesticides in surface runoff and drainage water. Propiconazole, a widely used fungicide was applied to experimental fields located at Askim, SE-Norway. Samples from surface runoff and drainage water were collected and analyzed for sediment mass, pesticides, particulate and dissolved organic carbon through a whole year. The surface soil and the runoff material were characterized by its particle size distribution, organic carbon content in size fractions and its ability to bind propiconazole. The results show that (1) particle runoff mostly occurred during the rainfall event shortly after harrowing in autumn. The highest particle concentration observed in the surface runoff water was 4600 mg l(-1), and in the drainage water 1130 mg l(-1); (2) the erosion of surface soil is size selective. The runoff sediment contained finer particle/aggregates rich in organic matter compared to its original surface soil; (3) the distribution coefficient (Kd) of propiconazole was significantly higher in the runoff sediment than in the parent soil. According to our calculation, particle-bound propiconazole can represent up to 23% of the total amount of propiconazole in a water sample with a sediment concentration of 7600 mg l(-1), which will significantly influence the transport behavior of the pesticide.     

Individual growth and size-selective mortality of larval turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) reared in enclosures

Larval turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were reared in a large marine enclosure and in plastic bags in southern Norway. Samples of larvae in the enclosure were taken during the first 12 d of life to estimate individual body growth based on back calculations from daily growth rings on their otoliths. Size selective mortality was documented for these larvae in the predator-free enclosure. Starvation in the laboratory occurred on the seventh day. In the enclosure, a mortality rate of 18.1% d^-1 prevailed. Our data indicates that the survivors beyond the starvation period are larger by 0.18 mm on average. This result is important with regard to the question of whether starvation is an important mechanism for larval mortality in the sea. A possible means of estimating the relative effects of starvation versus predation based on these results and the backcalculation technique is suggested.     

UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对水中DMP的去除效果和降解机理分析

采用UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对自来水本底条件下邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除效果、特性及降解机理进行了对比和分析.采用单独的UV光照射不能有效去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对DMP具有良好的去除效果.在DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,UV光强为133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量为20 mg·L-1的条件下,30 min后DMP的去除效果可以达到73.08%,在降解过程中,监测到DMP氧化产物;当DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,O3投加量为3 mg·L-1时,单独O3氧化DMP的去除率为55.81%;UV-O3联用工艺对DMP的去除效果略优于单独O3氧化,去除效果提高了10%左右.单独O3和UV-O3氧化在初始氧化阶段可形成不同于UV-H2O2工艺的降解产物;UV-H2O2-O3联用工艺能高效氧化水中DMP,O3的投加不但极大的增强了UV-H2O2工艺的氧化性能,同时抑制了UV+H2O2降解过程中DMP氧化产物的生成,并使生成的产物快速降解.几种氧化工艺对DMP去除效果顺序依次为UV＜O3＜UV-O3＜UV-H2O2＜UV-H2O2-O3.     

CWPO中催化剂的应用研究现状及趋势

催化湿式过氧化氢氧化技术，是一种专门针对高浓度难降解有机废水的处理技术。对该技术中使用的催化剂进行了分类评述，并详细讨论了非均相催化剂的研究状况，展望了其今后的发展方向。     

太湖水体散射特性及其与悬浮物浓度关系模型

水体散射特性与水环境参数如悬浮颗粒及其浓度密切相关.利用Wetlabs公司研制的水体固有光学特性测量系统,于2006-10～2006-11对太湖水体的散射系数和后向散射系数进行了测量.在对水体散射特性分析的基础上,建立了太湖水体颗粒物后向散射系数的光谱模型.此外,利用后向散射率计算水体折射系数,根据折射系数的变化范围,将水中颗粒物的主导因子分为3种类型：①浮游植物主导;②无机颗粒物主导;③两者共同主导.在对散射系数与无机悬浮物、有机悬浮物、总悬浮物浓度相关性分析的基础上,针对颗粒物主导因子的不同,分别建立了散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度的乘幂关系模型.     

南昌市雨水和湖水硫同位素特征的研究

为探讨南昌市酸雨的硫源,研究了2006年南昌市区雨水、湖水的pH值、硫酸根离子浓度和硫同位素组成,并对市区用煤的δ34S值进行了测定。结果表明,雨水硫同位素组成的变化范围在-3.5‰~5.5‰之间,且具有夏季轻,冬、春季重的特点。湖泊水、赣江水的δ34S值变化范围在4.3‰~10.3‰之间。2006年南昌市酸雨污染较严重,冬春季时雨水的酸度较大。雨水中硫的来源是由生物成因硫、人为成因硫和海源硫综合贡献的,夏季生物硫贡献比重大,冬春季人为硫是主要贡献者,海源硫贡献可能很小。     

利用废弃蛋白质制备氨基酸螯合微肥的研究进展

复合氨基酸螯合微肥是一种高效、无公害环境友好的绿色肥料，开发前景广阔，综述了废弃蛋白质水解制备复合氨基酸螯合微肥的研究现状，展望了氨基酸螯合微肥研究领域的发展。