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811.
调理剂对CAF污泥浓缩工艺影响的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
涡凹气浮(CAF)已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中.由于污泥本身的特性原因,CAF在污泥处理中尚没有应用.通过试验投加污泥调理剂改变污泥的特性,以达到将CAF工艺用于浓缩活性污泥的目的.试验表明,CAF工艺浓缩低浓度剩余活性污泥效果很好,但正确选择污泥调理剂的投加点和投加量对CAF污泥浓缩工艺至关重要. 相似文献
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814.
针对城市产业水污染状况,应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型,试图找出城市产业结构调整方法。研究以株洲市为例,根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算。计算结果表明,产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长。在此基础上,提出了株洲市产业和行业凋整方案,以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发雇。 相似文献
815.
滇池底泥微生物菌群对微囊藻毒素的生物降解 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用滇池水华蓝藻中提取提纯的微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)作为微生物生长的碳源和氮源,从长期暴露于蓝藻水华的滇池底泥中,通过从含低浓度到高浓度MCs的逐步培养驯化,获得了高效降解MCs的微生物混合菌群,在初始MC-RR和LR浓度大约分别为50mg/L和30mg/L下,3d内可将MCs全部降解。进一步活性研究显示,不同含碳和含氮化合物虽然能够促进混合微生物菌群的生长,但对降解MCs却无明显的促进作用,说明MCs既可以作为微生物生长的碳源,又可以作为微生物生长的氮源,在富含有机物的天然水体中并不一定能够促进微生物对MCs的生物降解。 相似文献
816.
水热处理为纤维素废弃物资源化应用开辟了一条新的途径,文中就水热处理技术的特点、水热条件下纤维素的降解过程进行了介绍,并着重综述了纤维素废弃物水热制H2方面的研究进展,同时对纤维素及其废弃物的水热处理和资源化研究前景进行了展望。 相似文献
817.
底泥对河流的二次污染浅析 总被引:39,自引:1,他引:39
根据底冲中污染物质累积和释放过程和底泥对河流二次污染的机理,运用适用的模式和苏州河的实测资料,可得到二次污染BOD和COD的年释放量,以及增加上覆河上的BOD和COD浓度。由此认为,对于底泥污染严重的河流,疏浚是必不可少的,其目的在于清除或隔绝黑富集层上覆河上的二次污染。 相似文献
818.
Twenty-eight PM2.5 samples collected in Summer (July 2002) and Winter (November 2002) at two sites in Beijing, China were analyzed using GC/MS to investigate the impact of meteorology and coal burning on the solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC). The characteristics and abundance of the n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-fatty acids and n-alkanols were determined. Source identification was made using organic species as molecular markers. Semi-volatile compounds of alkanes and PAHs had much higher concentrations in winter than summer because of the large difference in the temperature between the seasons. Plant wax emission was a major contributor to n-alkanes in summer, but fossil fuel residue was a major source (>80%) in winter. The seasonal differences in the distribution of pentacyclic triterpanes clearly shows the impact of coal burning for space heating in winter. The yield of PAHs in winter (148 ng m(-3) at the urban site and 277 ng m(-3) at the suburban site) was six to eight times higher than that in summer and was found to be mainly from coal burning. Higher pollutant concentrations were measured at the suburban site than the urban site in winter due to the rapid expansion of the city limit and the relocation of factories from urban to suburban areas over the last two decades. 相似文献
819.
Space-time modeling for the Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey (MTHS) is a postseason mail survey conducted by the Missouri Department of Conservation. The 1996 MTHS provides information concerning the number of turkeys harvested by hunters on each day and the total number of trips made to the counties by these hunters on each day of the hunting season. The success rates are then found from this information. Small sample sizes produce large standard errors for the estimates at the county level. We use a Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate daily hunting success rates at the county level. The model includes an autoregressive process for the days of the hunting season and spatially correlated random geographic effects. The computations are performed using Gibbs sampling and adaptive rejection sampling techniques. Results show that there are significant spatial corelations between counties and correlations between days of the hunting season. The estimates are close to the frequency estimates at the state level and much more stable at the county level. 相似文献
820.
Fangliang He Pierre Legendre Claude Bellehumeur James V. LaFrankie 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》1994,1(4):265-286
Scale is emerging as one of the critical problems in ecology because our perception of most ecological variables and processes depends upon the scale at which the variables are measured. A conclusion obtained at one scale may not be valid at another scale without sufficient knowledge of the scaling effect, which is also a source of misinterpretation for many ecological problems, such as the design of reserves in conservation biology.This paper attempts to study empirically how scaling may affect the spatial patterns of diversity (tree density, richness and Shannon diversity) that we may perceive in tropical forests, using as a test-case a 50 ha forest plot in Malaysia. The effect of scale on measurements of diversity patterns, the occurrence of rare species, the fractal dimension of diversity patterns, the spatial structure and the nearest-neighbour autocorrelation of diversity are addressed. The response of a variable to scale depends on the way it is measured and the way it is distributed in space.We conclude that, in general, the effect of scaling on measures of biological diversity is non-linear; heterogeneity increases with the size of the sampling units, and fine-scale information is lost at a broad scale. Our results should lead to a better understanding of how ecological variables and processes change over scale. 相似文献