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181.
Seixas TG Kehrig Hdo A Costa M Fillmann G Di Beneditto AP Secchi ER Souza CM Malm O Moreira I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(1):98-106
Selenium and total and organic mercury were determined in the liver and kidney of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally caught in fishing nets along two Brazilian coastal areas (southeast and south). Regional differences in the concentrations of these contaminants were observed in P. blainvillei. Liver showed the highest organic and total mercury. In general, samples of individuals collected at the southern of Brazil had the highest concentrations of selenium and total and organic mercury. No significant gender differences were observed. Growth stage influenced the accumulation of these contaminants in both organs, and hepatic concentrations increased with the body length, according to the sampling area. Molar mercury and selenium concentrations in liver were significantly correlated, with a Se:Hg ratio close to 4. The among-site differences we found may be related to differences in preferred prey, bioavailability in the marine environment, environmental conditions, or these individuals may belong to distinct populations. 相似文献
182.
183.
Agnieszka Guzman Helena Janik Alicja Kosakowska 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):679-684
Several new biodegradable polymer materials have recently come onto the global market. Mostly the results on degradation kinetic
studies are presented. This paper suggests using one of the tests to estimate the impact of polymer packaging material on
sea life. The microorganism chosen was Anabaena variabilis (identified in many waters, including those of the Baltic Sea, especially in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Puck Bay; this cyanobacterium
has a tendency to move with deep-sea waters causing algal blooms that upset the ecological balance of the marine environment
[1]). The chosen polymer materials were polycaprolactone modified with thermoplastic starch (PCL/TPS > 85%) or with calcium
carbonate (60% PCL/40% CaCO3). They were incubated in seawater in the presence of A. variabilis. The chlorophyll a content was determined as the criterion of cyanobacterial growth in the presence of the tested polymers. The polymer surface
and colour changes in the cyanobacterium culture were recorded photographically. The experimental results indicate that the
addition of polymer samples to the cyanobacterium culture affects its biological balance. During the experiment in seawater,
cyanobacteria adhered to the polymer surfaces and their growth was stimulated to different degree by the polymers. Thus, the
suggested test differentiate the behaviour of both materials studied. Cyanobacterial growth was lower in the presence of PCL
modified with calcium carbonate than in the presence PCL/TPS blend. 相似文献
184.
Naresh?KumarEmail author Daisy?Ramirez-Ortiz Helena?M.?Solo-Gabriele Joseph?B.?Treaster Olveen?Carrasquillo Michal?Toborek Sapna?Deo Jim?Klaus Leonidas?G.?Bachas David?Whitall Sylvia?Daunert Jose?Szapocznik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(3):2003-2013
Guánica Bay, located in southwestern Puerto Rico, has suffered oil spills and other pollution discharges since the 1960s. Previous research showed elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in coral reef and sediment. This research examined PCB concentrations in sediment and fish. Sediment and fish sampling in the bay was facilitated by community members. This study identified the second highest reported PCB level (129,300 ng/g) in sediment in the USA. Fish samples also showed elevated concentrations (1623 to 3768 ng/g), which were higher than the thresholds of safe levels of PCBs in fish for human consumption. The alarmingly high concentration of PCBs calls for proactive community engagement to bring awareness about contamination of the bay and more extensive sampling to test for the concentration of PCBs in seafood and the people of Guánica. This study also underscores the value of the involvement of local communities during sampling design aimed at identifying hot spots of contaminants. 相似文献
185.
Helena Krasnov Petros Koutrakis Michael D. Friger 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(1):89-94
Quantitative information on the contribution of dust storms to atmospheric PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm) levels is still lacking, especially in urban environments with close proximity to dust sources. The main objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of dust storms to PM10 concentrations in a desert urban center, the city of Beer-Sheva, Negev, Israel, during the period of 2001–2012. Toward this end, a background value based on the “dust-free” season was used as a threshold value to identify potentially “dust days.” Subsequently, the net contribution of dust storms to PM10 was assessed. During the study period, daily PM10 concentrations ranged from 6 to over 2000 µg/m3. In each year, over 10% of the daily concentrations exceeded the calculated threshold (BVt) of 71 µg/m3. An average daily net contribution of dust to PM10 of 122 µg/m3 was calculated for the entire study period based on this background value. Furthermore, a dust storm intensity parameter (Ai) was used to analyze several storms with very high PM10 contributions (hourly averages of 1000–5197 μg/m3). This analysis revealed that the strongest storms occurred mainly in the last 3 yr of the study. Finally, these findings indicate that this arid urban environment experiences high PM10 levels whose origin lies in both local and regional dust events.
Implications:The findings indicate that over time, the urban arid environment experiences high PM10 levels whose origin lies in local and regional dust events. It was noticed that the strongest storms have occurred mainly in the last 3 yr. It is believed that environmental changes such as global warming and desertification may lead to an increased air pollution and risk exposure to human health. 相似文献
186.
Raclavská Helena Růžičková Jana Raclavský Konstantin Juchelková Dagmar Kucbel Marek Švédová Barbora Slamová Karolina Kacprzak Małgorzata 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8563-8581
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The 5% addition of biochar in composting in rows contributes significantly to reducing volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. When composting with... 相似文献
187.
In many countries over the last decades, state initiatives have emerged to promote and support public participation in policy-making. Despite the emphasis on participation and deliberation, there are groups that remain outside the participatory proceedings. We follow through two case studies from Finland on how active citizen groups became excluded in the policy processes but decided to act nevertheless. Conceptually, the article tells two stories about multi-signification and improvisation in nature conservation processes from the citizen participation point of view. Using practice-oriented policy analysis, we explore the actors' conflicting interpretations of acting for “the sake of the lake”. We argue that in these kinds of complex policy processes, improvisation should be given more space. 相似文献
188.
Several works on public perception of bathing area quality state that litter is one of the top concerns of users. Litter was also considered the top concern of bathing users regarding Bathing Area (BA) quality in S?o Miguel (Azores). This fact highly justifies the need to evaluate BA in this perspective. During 2009 summer 11 bathing areas, covering all the proposed BA typologies in S?o Miguel Island, were assessed and rated according to litter. The methodology was based on the EA/Protocol (Environmental Agency (UK)/National Aquatic Litter Group 2000). BA were graded from A to D (very good, good, fair and poor) on several litter categories: sewage related debris, gross litter, general litter, harmful litter, accumulations, oil or similar and faeces. Transects were sampled at 7 (o??clock) p.m. on sunny Sundays to achieve extreme situations. From the bathing areas assessed 4 were rated B (Good) and 7 rated C (Fair). During the same period the users perception regarding litter was assessed. Data obtained was related to bathing areas Scenic Evaluation Index (D) value, establishing a 5-class evaluation system. Some interactions between these factors (litter, BA typologies, public perception and scenic value) were analyzed and discussed. Scenic value doesn??t seem to affect users behavior regarding litter, however seems to affect the perception of users. Some of the bathing areas typologies seem to be more affected by litter, especially Urban and Semi-urban sandy beaches. BA cleaning processes and the relation of users with the area are the main reasons to this fact. 相似文献
189.
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto Cristina Maria Magalhães de Souza Helena Amaral Kehrig Carlos Eduardo Rezende 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2209-2217
The feeding preferences of the coastal dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei and Sotalia guianensis in south-eastern Brazil (21o18′S–22o25′S) were assessed through the prey’s index of relative importance (IRI), total mercury
concentration (Hgtot), and stable isotopic (δ15N and δ13C) to compare their efficiency in the discrimination of prey contribution to the predators’ diet. The IRI was the best tool
to describe the dolphins’ preference, while Hgtot and δ15N seemed to be efficient as a trophic marker when the diet is made up of prey of varying sizes, as observed in S. guianensis. Both dolphins presented lighter δ15N than their prey species, which is an unusual pattern. However, as the sample size to isotope ratios analysis was small,
especially to the dolphins, the results should be considered with caution, and further studies are necessary to corroborate
these findings. The δ13C values characterized a typical coastal food chain, confirming the preferential area of these species. 相似文献
190.
Patricia N. Pochelon Teresa Lopes da Silva Alberto Reis Antonina dos Santos Henrique Queiroga Ricardo Calado 《Marine Biology》2011,158(12):2825-2833
The present study investigated the existence of inter-individual and within-brood variability in the fatty acid (FA) profile
of developing embryos of Nephrops norvegicus. In all surveyed females (n = 5), the quantitatively most important FAs were as follows: 22:6n-3 (20.8 ± 3.9% average of total FA ± standard error),
18:1n-9 (19.5 ± 2.0%), 16:0 (15.2 ± 3.4%), 20:5n-3 (10.2 ± 1.4%), 16:1n-7 (8.9 ± 1.6%), and 18:1n-7 (5.7 ± 1.3%). Differences
in FA profiles of embryos in the same clutch were assessed using brooding chamber side (left and right) and pleopod (1st and
2nd, 3rd and 4th, and 5th) as predictive factors. There were no significant differences in the FA composition of embryos sampled
from both sides of the brooding chamber in 4 of the 5 surveyed females. However, all females exhibited significant differences
in the FA profiles of embryos sampled from different pleopods. Both saturated FA (SFA) and highly unsaturated FA (HUFA) present
in developing embryos exhibited marked differences along the breeding chamber. Overall, FA reserves appeared to vary significantly
within broods, which can ultimately be reflected on early larval survival. A potential cause for the within-brood variation
recorded in the FA profile of developing embryos include (1) differential female investment during ovarian maturation, mainly
due to variation in food quality/availability; (2) differential lipid catabolism during the incubation period of developing
embryos, as a consequence of embryos position within the female’s brooding chamber; or (3) differential female investment
during ovarian maturation amplified by differential lipid catabolism during the incubation period. 相似文献