污水处理系统中悬浮物形成机理与处理方法

文章以风城油田稀油污水处理为例,分析污水处理系统中悬浮物的形成机理,并对污水含油、悬浮物、固体含量、粒径中值、聚合物含量、细菌、温度、硫化物、二价铁、pH值等水质指标进行分析,找出影响污水处理的主要因素,并对油水悬浮物处理方法进行室内分析及现场物理、化学方法实践,解决污水处理系统中悬浮物问题。     

基于Markov模型的南京土地利用时空变化研究

利用江苏2000年、2008年遥感数据,采用ArcGIS和Excel测算出南京市辖区8年土地利用的Matkov转移矩阵,从数量、空间和结构角度分析2000-2008年的土地利用变化状况,预测2016年的各类用地面积.结果表明,2000-2008年研究区的城镇和工矿交通用地扩张较快,农村居民点用地略有减少,呈集中态势;耕地、草地、林地、水域减少,未利用地减幅最大.在空间上,研究区的建设用地扩张由"同心圆状"变为"纺锤状",土地利用集中度和强度都增大.2016年预测显示,城镇用地比重达44.76%,耕地减少23.47%,其余用地基本保持前8年的变化趋势,但动态度有所减小,仅农村居民点用地减幅增大.     

微生物来源的透明质酸酶的分离纯化与性质研究

从噬尼古丁节杆菌的发酵液中初步分离纯化出透明质酸酶,并进行酶学性质研究.使用6000分子量的中空纤维膜将粗酶液超滤浓缩脱盐,冷冻干燥成粉末状,得到透明质酸酶;对粗酶液进行柱层析分离纯化,测定粗酶液和纯化酶的活性.该透明质酸酶的酶学性质研究表明,从噬尼古丁节杆菌的发酵液中分离得到一种新的透明质酸酶,其性质稳定、活性较高、受环境影响较小、易于分离纯化,为透明质酸酶的开发提供了重要的实验依据.     

水分管理对水稻生长与根际激发效应的影响特征

作物根际沉积碳输入而引起的根际激发效应,对农田土壤碳排放通量和碳平衡起到关键的调控作用.在稻田生态系统中,由于频繁的干湿交替,土壤CO2 和CH4 排放以及根际激发效应明显有别于其他自然生态系统.因此,明确稻田生态系统干湿交替过程中水稻根际激发效应的方向与强度,对于减缓稻田温室气体排放具有重要意义.本研究采用13C-C...     

Ambient levels of atmospheric carbonyls in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games

The measurements of atmospheric carbonyls concentrations in Beijing were conducted from 12 July to 8 October, 2008, covering the periods of the 2008 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Six carbonyls, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, and hexaldehyde, were identified in all air samples. The total average concentrations of these carbonyls before, during, and after traffic restriction were (48.1 ± 15.2), (36.6 ± 14.5) and (23.4 ± 12.3) μg/m3, respectively. Compared with the period after traffic restriction, the distinct high concentrations of the carbonyls before and during traffic restriction were primarily ascribed to the remarkable contribution of photochemical reactions. With respect to our previous investigation in the summer of 2005, the reductions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone during traffic restriction period were about 64%, 47% and 27%, respectively, indicating that the air cleaning actions adopted by the Chinese government for the two games were efficient. The lowest levels of atmospheric carbonyls and the extremely high composition proportion of acetone after the traffic restriction were mainly attributed to the long-term effect of the control measures for the two games.     

壬基酚在污灌土壤中吸附行为研究

采用序批式室内实验研究了壬基酚(NP)在污灌土壤中的吸附行为,同时探讨了壬基酚在土壤中吸附行为的影响因素,包括pH、离子强度、黑炭和矿物质.水溶液中NP检测方法为液液萃取-高效液相方法(LLE-HPLC).研究结果表明,土壤中有机质含量在吸附过程中起决定作用,土壤自身矿物组成成分对NP吸附行为具有一定影响.NP在土壤中吸附反应6h后达到平衡,吸附动力学都符合准二级线性模式;吸附等温线符合线性模式.壬基酚在污灌和清灌土壤中有机质吸附系数(Koc)分别为3.1×104 L·kg-1和3.2 ×104 L·kg-1,在土壤中很难移动.pH改变对壬基酚在土壤中吸附行为影响程度要高于离子强度,碱性条件下影响结果更为显著.NP在土壤黑炭和矿物质中吸附行为均符合线性模式,分配系数都有所下降.     

异养与硫自养反硝化协同处理高硝氮废水特性研究

在异养反硝化反应器中添加单质硫,实现硫自养与异养反硝化联合处理NO_3~-废水,探讨异养和硫自养反硝化协同过程中的p H恒定及污泥减量化的特性.结果表明,硫自养反硝化菌在异养反硝化反应器内能够实现快速生长.经过65d的运行,控制进水TOC/N为0.65~0.75时,协同反硝化在无额外碱添加的情况下,厌氧反硝化产生的碱度满足自养反硝化的需求;运行至116d时,协同反硝化的总氮去除率为85%以上,脱氮效能稳定在2.5 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).通过与完全异养反硝化相比,协同反硝化的污泥产量仅为完全异养反硝化的60%,极大地降低了污泥产量.但是利用协同自养反硝化处理高浓度NO_3~--N废水时,存在NO_2~--N累积的现象,即使是最终稳定期也有20 mg·L~(-1),需进行深度处理.     

Robust magnetic laccase-mimicking nanozyme for oxidizing o-phenylenediamine and removing phenolic pollutants

In this study, we report a novel magnetic biomimetic nanozyme(Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP(guanosine5′-monophosphate)) with high laccase-like activity, which could oxidize toxic ophenylenediamine(OPD) and remove phenolic compounds.The magnetic laccase-like nanozyme was readily obtained via complexed Cu~(2+)and GMP that grew on the surface of magnetic Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles.The prepared Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP catalyst could be magnetically recycled for at least five cycles while still retaining above 70% activity.As a laccase mimic,Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had more activity and robust stability than natural laccase for the oxidization of OPD.Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP retained about 90% residual activity at 90℃ and showed little change at pH 3–9, and the nanozyme kept its excellent activity after long-term storage.Meanwhile, Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP had better activity for removing phenolic compounds, and the removal of naphthol was more than 95%.Consequently, the proposed Fe_3O_4@Cu/GMP nanozyme shows potential for use as a robust catalyst for applications in environmental remediation.     

生活污水回用作循环冷却水补充水处理方案的研究

分析了自来水及经膜生物反应器处理后的生活污水的水质指标，计算了水质判断指数，结果表明两者均为腐蚀性水质。通过静态缓蚀实验筛选合理的药剂，结果表明HEDP，ATMP，PBTCA的最高缓蚀率均高达90％以匕，HEDP，PBTCA与Zn^2＋复配的协同效果较好，复配后最高缓蚀率提高到98％以上。研究了考虑阻垢问题时的水处理药剂配方，通过正交试验筛选出最佳药剂浓度配方为：T-325：PBTCA：Zn^2＋=8：4：3。     

装药结构热安全性试验方法及其特点分析

目的 在装药结构的热安全性试验时选择合理的加热方法.方法 从燃料、加热速率、温度范围、温度可控性、温区可控性、对试件影响等方面对开放油池火烧、可控喷射火烧、红外辐射灯阵、电加热带、电加热箱等常用的加热方式进行对比分析.结果 对于快烤加载,红外辐射灯阵兼具开放油池火烧和可控喷射火烧的优势,能够实现温度为800～1200℃...