O3/UV降解喹啉过程中不同氧化剂的相对重要性

研究O3 /UV降解自配喹啉水溶液时水体中存在的不同氧化剂对喹啉降解的相对重要性的结果表明 ,O3 和·OH是喹啉降解过程的主要氧化剂 .通过靛蓝二磺酸钠法和·OH探针化合物 (对氯苯甲酸 )法分别测定了水体中的O3 浓度和·OH浓度 ,定量地计算了O3 和·OH在降解喹啉时的相对重要性 ,得到喹啉与·OH的二级反应速率常数为 6 65× 1 0 9mol·(L·s) - 1.在本试验条件下 ,由·OH引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的 88% ,而由O3 引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的 1 2 % .提高水体中·OH的浓度有利于提高喹啉的总降解速率 .     

2-Chlorophenol oxidation kinetic by photo-assisted Fenton process

Experimental data are presented to test and validate a kinetic model for the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol wastewater by photo-assisted Fenton process. The data showed that this process had produced good effects under acidic conductions. Up to 90% 2-chlorophenol was removed after 90-minute reaction time with H2O2 of 25% CODCr. in, while in UV/H2O2 system ordy 16.8% 2-chlorophenol was removed after one hour treatment. The optimal pH in this reaction occurred between pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. The reaction kinetics for photo-assisted Fenton process experimented in this research was investigated. Kinetic models were proposed for the treatment of 2-chlorophenol wastewater. The reaction was found to follow the 2nd order. The equations of reaction kinetics are as follows:-d[RH]/dt=KRH[RH][H2O2]0exp(-KH2o2t);-d[CODCr]/dt=KCODCr[CODCr][H2O2]0exp(-K′t).The prediction of the models was found to be in a good agreement with experimental results, thus confimfing the proposed reaction mechanism.     

Sustainable method towards magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers for efficient Methylene Blue removal

The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of pH impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers (M-OMPs) without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst. The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously, and exhibited high removal efficiency (>99%) for Methylene Blue (MB) within a short time (10 min) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. What's more, high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of pH 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.     

Identification of close relationship between atmospheric oxidation and ozone formation regimes in a photochemically active region

Understanding ozone (O₃) formation regime is a prerequisite in formulating an effective O₃ pollution control strategy. Photochemical indicator is a simple and direct method in identifying O₃ formation regimes. Most used indicators are derived from observations, whereas the role of atmospheric oxidation is not in consideration, which is the core driver of O₃ formation. Thus, it may impact accuracy in signaling O₃ formation regimes. In this study, an advanced three-dimensional numerical modeling system was used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and O₃ formation regimes during a long-lasting O₃ exceedance event in September 2017 over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China. We discovered a clear relationship between atmospheric oxidative capacity and O₃ formation regime. Over eastern PRD, O₃ formation was mainly in a NO_x-limited regime when HO₂/OH ratio was higher than 11, while in a VOC-limited regime when the ratio was lower than 9.5. Over central and western PRD, an HO₂/OH ratio higher than 5 and lower than 2 was indicative of NO_x-limited and VOC-limited regime, respectively. Physical contribution, including horizontal transport and vertical transport, may pose uncertainties on the indication of O₃ formation regime by HO₂/OH ratio. In comparison with other commonly used photochemical indicators, HO₂/OH ratio had the best performance in differentiating O₃ formation regimes. This study highlighted the necessities in using an atmospheric oxidative capacity-based indicator to infer O₃ formation regime, and underscored the importance of characterizing behaviors of radicals to gain insight in atmospheric processes leading to O₃ pollution over a photochemically active region.     

海南岛近岸海域环境容量与纳污总量分析

通过对海南岛"十二五"期间近岸海域纳污总量、环境质量状况及环境容量比较分析,得出各主要排污区环境容量的剩余环境容量。结果表明,全省主要污染物化学需氧量入海量仅占环境容量的2.6%,氨氮占环境容量的26.6%,虽然全省近岸海域环境基本未受污染物入海量影响,仍有较大的纳污空间,可利用的环境容量非常充裕。为避免出现排污达标但环境质量下降的状况,提出建立近岸海域主要污染物总量控制制度,由浓度控制到总量和浓度控制并存。     

Integrated water resources management for emergency situations: A case study of Macau

Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95 days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79 days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential.     

微波协同氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液NF膜滤浓缩液研究

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液NF膜处理后产生的浓缩液处理难问题,采用微波协同氧化技术对其进行预处理,探讨了pH值、预反应时间、药剂用量、微波反应时间等因素对浓缩液CODcr及色度去除率的影响.结果表明:当pH=4,预反应时间60 min,药剂用量1g/l、微波反应时间3 min时,CODcr、色度的去除率分别为71.2%,80%.预处理后的出水CODcr及色度指标达到垃圾渗滤液现有生化处理系统的进水要求.     

郑州市环境空气污染变化规律研究

文章对河南省郑州市大气中的四种污染物臭氧、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和PM2.5的时间变化规律进行了分析,并初步探讨了日变化、年变化规律及其影响因素.臭氧呈现出单峰型变化规律,NO2、CO及PM2.5近似为双峰双谷型.年变化规律表现为单峰型,臭氧浓度在夏季达到最大值,冬季达到最低值,而其余三种污染物在冬季浓度达到最高值,在夏季浓度达到最低值.     

人工湿地在天津生态城水系构建中的应用建议研究

人工湿地技术融合基质、植物、微生物及工程构造为一体,通过物理、化学、生物、生态过程的综合作用,可以对低污染水具有良好的净化效果.在总结该技术主要工程形式、应用研究进展及常见问题的基础上,结合天津生态城水环境建设现状,以景观水体水质保持为核心目标,提出了人工湿地系统多途径多层次技术的应用方案,形成以大型人工湿地工程为依托的水系构建总体工程方案,这样就可以为该技术在黑臭水体治理及海绵城市建设领域的广泛应用提供参考依据.     

悬浮种衣剂生产中对环境影响的研究

通过对悬浮种衣剂不同程度毒性的原药和各种助剂的筛选、生产中废水处理和周围土壤有效保护等方面的研究,提出采用物理、化学和生物等方法,进行预防和消除悬浮种衣剂生产中存在对环境不利的安全隐患和危害人们生活和健康的因素。但操作不当和预防意识弱,会给接触者带来身体健康的危害,采取相应的预防措施,能消除危害隐患,使接触者的身体健康得到保障。指出有效助剂不仅能稳定悬浮种衣剂的悬浮度,还能起到增加剂型药效和环境保护的作用,研究表明悬浮种衣剂是环境友好型农药制剂。