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71.
Yukari Suzuki Lina G. Kawaguchi Dulee T. Munidasa Yukihiko Toquenaga 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(9):1353-1362
We proposed “foundress-max” hypothesis that a bumble bee foundress chooses her nest site to maximize her energy intake rate
from nectar. To examine the hypothesis, we estimated the maximum energy intake rate at each site in the study area and compared
the distribution of the maximum energy intake rates with those of actual nest sites. We also calculated rank correlations
of the maximum energy intake rate with the number of nest-searching foundresses at 54 sites. The nest locations supported
the foundress-max hypothesis, but the number of nest-searching foundresses did not. This could be attributed to the density
of food sites: many food sites may attract many foundresses. Therefore, we subsequently proposed “foundress-sum” hypothesis
that a foundress chooses her nest site to maximize the sum of energy intake rates. The nest locations supported the foundress-max
hypothesis more than the foundress-sum hypothesis. A profitable food site would affect foundresses’ nest site selection. 相似文献
72.
Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in carrots obtained from different regions throughout Japan were assessed in a baseline study on the contents of trace metals in foods. These three metals were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The geometric mean contents (with one geometric standard deviation indicated in parentheses) of Cd, Cu, and Zn were 0.02 (2.2), 0.7 (2.1), and 2.4 (1.6) mg?kg?1 wet weight in carrots obtained in Japan. While there was a close relationship among the contents of the three metals in the carrots grown in Cambisols and Gleysols, a significant relationship was recognized only between the contents of Cd and Zn in those grown in Andosols and Fluvic Gleysols. Cd and Zn are classified as 2B metals in the periodic table of elements, and the authors speculate that the similarity of the metal characteristics between Cd and Zn may be responsible for the close relationship in the contents of the two metals, with no relation to the soil type. 相似文献
73.
Kamrun Nahar Motiar Rahman Mirza Hasanuzzaman Md. Mahabub Alam Anisur Rahman Toshisada Suzuki Masayuki Fujita 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21206-21218
The role of exogenous spermine (0.25 mM Spm, a type of polyamine (PA) in reducing Cd uptake and alleviating Cd toxicity (containing 1 and 1.5 mM CdCl2 in the growing media) effects was studied in the mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2) plant. Exogenously applied Spm reduced Cd content, accumulation, and translocation in different plant parts. Increasing phytochelatin content, exogenous Spm reduced Cd accumulation and translocation. Spm application reduced the Cd-induced oxidative damage which was reflected from the reduction of H2O2 content, O2 ?– generation rate, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and lipid peroxidation level and also reflected from the reduction of spots of H2O2 and O2 ?– from mung bean leaves (compared to control treatment). Spm pretreatment increased non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (ascorbate, AsA, and glutathione, GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) which reduced oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal (MG) is also reduced by exogenous Spm because it enhanced glyoxalase system enzymes and components. Through osmoregulation, Spm maintained a better water status of Cd-affected mung bean seedlings. Spm prevented the chl damage and increased its content. Exogenous Spm also modulated the endogenous free PAs level which might have the roles in improving physiological processes including antioxidant capacity, osmoregulation, and Cd and MG detoxification capacity. The overall Spm-induced tolerance of mung bean seedlings to Cd toxicity was reflected through improved growth of mung bean seedlings. 相似文献
74.
Tomoko Oguri Jun Yoshinaga Yayoi Suzuki Hiroaki Tao Tetsuya Nakazato 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(6):425-429
Inorganic arsenic (InAs) is a ubiquitous metalloid that has been shown to exert multiple adverse health outcomes. Urinary InAs and its metabolite concentration has been used as a biomarker of arsenic (As) exposure in some epidemiological studies, however, quantitative relationship between daily InAs exposure and urinary InAs metabolites concentration has not been well characterized. We collected a set of 24-h duplicated diet and spot urine sample of the next morning of diet sampling from 20 male and 19 female subjects in Japan from August 2011 to October 2012. Concentrations of As species in duplicated diet and urine samples were determined by using liquid chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry with a hydride generation system. Sum of the concentrations of urinary InAs and methylarsonic acid (MMA) was used as a measure of InAs exposure. Daily dietary InAs exposure was estimated to be 0.087 µg kg?1 day?1 (Geometric mean, GM), and GM of urinary InAs+MMA concentrations was 3.5 ng mL?1. Analysis of covariance did not find gender-difference in regression coefficients as significant (P > 0.05). Regression equation Log 10 [urinary InAs+MMA concentration] = 0.570× Log 10 [dietary InAs exposure level per body weight] + 1.15 was obtained for whole data set. This equation would be valuable in converting urinary InAs concentration to daily InAs exposure, which will be important information in risk assessment. 相似文献
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The amounts of enzyme proteins of peroxisomal β-oxidation in fibroblasts and chorionic villous cells from infants with Zellweger syndrome and in fibroblasts, amniocytes, and chorionic villi from healthy controls were measured by immunoblot analysis. Immunoreactive proteins of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase were absent in fibroblasts and chorionic villous cells from the patients, yet these enzyme proteins were present in fibroblasts, cultured amniocytes, and chorionic villi from the normal controls. These results show that immunoblot analysis of peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes in amniocytes and chorionic villous cells is of potential value for the prenatal detection of Zellweger syndrome. 相似文献
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Dimethylamine was found to be nitrosated photochemically in aqueous solution containing nitrite both by the irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp and by the exposure to sunlight to give nitrosodimethylamine, a well-known carcinogen. The nitrosation occurred more readily at alkaline pH than at acidic and neutral pH. These findings suggest that nitrosodimethylamine is produced photochemically under natural environmental conditions. 相似文献