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排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
We investigated the leaching characteristics of bisphenol A (BPA) from two kinds of epoxy-resin pavement materials, one containing epoxy resins (EPs) and the other containing epoxy-acrylate resins (EPAs). Both samples contained residual BPA monomer, at levels of 9.0?µg?g?1 for the EP resin sample and 4.4?µg?g?1 for the EPA resin sample. These amounts were larger than amounts previously measured for polycarbonate samples. The amount of BPA leached from the samples increased with temperature. The leaching of BPA from EP was more strongly affected by temperature than the leaching from EPA. The pH also affected the amount of leached BPA. The maximum leached amount was observed under alkaline conditions (pH 10.8) for both sample types. The amounts of BPA that might leach from pavement materials during 1?h of heavy rain were estimated to be 0.9?µg?m?2 for EP and 3.5?µg?m?2 for EPA. Our results indicate that EPs disposed of in waste landfills without any treatment may be a source of BPA in leachate at landfill sites. 相似文献
12.
Katsufumi Sato Wataru Sakamoto Yoshimasa Matsuzawa Hideji Tanaka Yasuhiko Naito 《Marine Biology》1994,118(2):343-351
Instruments were attached to loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, at Kamoda Point, Japan in 1989 and on the Senri-coast, Japan in 1991. We simultaneously obtained stomach temperatures, ambient water temperatures and diving depths from four free-ranging loggerhead turtles during the internesting periods, using small recorders. These data were analyzed to understand how body temperature was maintained. Ambient water temperatures changed coincidentally when turtles moved up or down, but a stable stomach temperatures was maintained despite water temperature fluctuations of ca. 20 to 90 min in duration. Loggerhead turtles also experienced water temperature fluctuations longer than 24 h. Stomach temperatures responded to those water temperature changes with a time lag of several hours (160, 170, 230 and 240 min). Stomach temperatures were higher than ambient water temperatures throughout the experimental periods. The median values of the thermal difference between stomach and water temperatures were 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7°C. The higher stomach temperatures are thought to be caused by metabolic heat production. 相似文献
13.
Akiko Furuno Hiroaki Terada Masamichi Chino Hiromi Yamazawa 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6989
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed an emergency response system WSPEEDI to forecast long-range atmospheric dispersions of radionuclides discharged into the atmosphere. The latest version of WSPEEDI consists of an atmospheric dynamic model MM5 for calculating meteorological fields and a particle random-walk model for atmospheric dispersion. The performance of WSPEEDI was evaluated by data obtained from a field tracer experiment over Europe (ETEX) in this paper. The model validation was done with respect to the following points: (1) the dependence of model accuracy on the temporal and spatial resolutions of the meteorological fields and (2) the superiority of an atmospheric dynamic model over a mass-consistent wind model. Regarding (1), it was shown that the calculation accuracy of the new version with high temporal resolution was improved, especially at the edge of the plume. Moreover, although the increase in horizontal spatial resolution of the old version had no substantial effect on the model performance, increase in horizontal resolution of the new version contributed to the significant improvement of the calculation accuracy. These results showed that the dynamically calculated meteorological field with the spatial resolution of the meso-β–γ scale greatly improved calculation accuracy. 相似文献
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Tae Won Kim Kotaro Sakamoto Yasuhisa Henmi Jae C. Choe 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1139-1147
For males, courting and foraging are often behavioral alternatives, which take time and consume energy. When males have a
possibility of mating with receptive females, there may be a behavioral trade-off between courtship and feeding; the outcome
of which may be affected by male physiological condition and food availability. Although many mathematical models and empirical
studies suggest that the expression of male courtship signals are condition-dependent, decisions about courtship and mating
strategies in relation to food availability have not attracted much attention. In this study, we tested whether daily changes
in food availability affect males’ decisions about whether to court. We conducted experiments with the fiddler crab Uca lactea by providing males with additional food every other day. In food-supplemented enclosures, males did not increase courtship
activity on the days when food was supplemented. However, they built more courtship structures (semidomes) and waved more
on the days when they were not given additional food. Male size had a strong influence on the number of days the males courted.
We also tested whether the frequency of surface mating, as an alternative reproductive tactic, decreased when food was supplemented.
Contrary to our expectation, the number of males that exhibited the surface-mating tactic increased when food was supplemented
whereas the number of mate-searching females did not change. Our findings in this field study suggest that reproductive decisions
by male fiddler crabs are affected by fluctuating food availability and present body condition, and the alternative mating
tactic of this species may be more frequently used by males under good condition. 相似文献
16.
Tomoki Nakayama Rie Hagino Yutaka Matsumi Yosuke Sakamoto Masahiro Kawasaki Akihiro Yamazaki Akihiro Uchiyama Rei Kudo Nobuhiro Moteki Yutaka Kondo Kenichi Tonokura 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(25):3034-3042
A highly sensitive cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) was used to monitor the aerosol extinction coefficient at 532 nm. The performance of the spectrometer was evaluated using measurements of nearly monodisperse polystyrene particles with diameters between 150 and 500 nm. By comparing the observed results with those determined using Mie theory, the accuracy of the CRDS instrument was determined to be >97%, while the upper limit for the precision of the instrument was estimated to be 0.6–3.5% (typically 2%), depending on the particle number concentration, which was in the range of 30–2300 particles cm?3. Simultaneous measurements of the extinction (bext), scattering (bsca) and absorption (babs) coefficients of ambient aerosols were performed in central Tokyo from 14 August to 2 September 2007 using the CRDS instrument, two nephelometers and a particle/soot absorption photometer (PSAP), respectively. The value of bext measured using the CRDS instrument was compared with the sum of the bsca and babs values measured with a nephelometer and a PSAP, respectively. Good agreement between the bext and bsca + babs values was obtained except for data on days when high ozone mixing ratios (>130 ppbv) were observed. During the high-O3 days, the values for bsca + babs were ~7% larger than the value for bext, possibly because the value for babs measured by the PSAP was overestimated due to interference from coexisting non-absorbing aerosols such as secondary organic aerosols. 相似文献
17.
Bortolotto Ieda Maria Hiane Priscila Aiko Ishii Iria Hiromi de Souza Paulo Robson Campos Raquel Pires Juraci Bastos Gomes Rosane Farias Cariolando da Silva Leme Flávia Maria de Oliveira Arruda Rosani do Carmo de Lima Corrêa da Costa Liana Baptista Damasceno-Junior Geraldo Alves 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(5):1329-1341
Regional Environmental Change - The conservation and use of wild food plants should include local people in the decision-making process, and many countries have done so. However, interacting with... 相似文献
18.
Spatial variability of nitrous oxide emissions and their soil-related determining factors in an agricultural field 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yanai J Sawamoto T Oe T Kusa K Yamakawa K Sakamoto K Naganawa T Inubushi K Hatano R Kosaki T 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(6):1965-1977
To evaluate spatial variability of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and to elucidate their determining factors on a field-scale basis, N2O fluxes and various soil properties were evaluated in a 100- x 100-m onion (Allium cepa L.) field. Nitrous oxide fluxes were determined by a closed chamber method from the one-hundred 10- x 10-m plots. Physical (e.g., bulk density and water content), chemical (e.g., total N and pH), and biological (e.g., microbial biomass C and N) properties were determined from surface soil samples (0-0.1 m) of each plot. Geostatistical analysis was performed to examine spatial variability of both N2O fluxes and soil properties. Multivariate analysis was also conducted to elucidate relationships between soil properties and observed fluxes. Nitrous oxide fluxes were highly variable (average 331 microg N m(-2) h(-1), CV 217%) and were log-normally distributed. Log-transformed N2O fluxes had moderate spatial dependence with a range of >75 m. High N2O fluxes were observed at sites with relatively low elevation. Multivariate analysis indicated that an organic matter factor and a pH factor of the principal component analysis were the main soil-related determining factors of log-transformed N2O fluxes. By combining multivariate analysis with geostatistics, a map of predicted N2O fluxes closely matched the spatial pattern of measured fluxes. The regression equation based on the soil properties explained 56% of the spatially structured variation of the log-transformed N2O fluxes. Site-specific management to regulate organic matter content and water status of a soil could be a promising means of reducing N2O emissions from agricultural fields. 相似文献
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