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41.
Andriamanohiarisoamanana Fetra J. Sakamoto Yushi Yamashiro Takaki Yasui Seiichi Iwasaki Masahiro Ihara Ikko Nishida Takehiro Umetsu Kazutaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1253-1260
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The influence of temperature and storage time on hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions from two different dairy manures was investigated over four... 相似文献
42.
The Science of Nature - Pollinators deposit pollen grains on stigmas and remove pollen grains from anthers. The mechanics of these transfers can now be quantified with the use of high-speed video.... 相似文献
43.
44.
Masakazu Ota Hiromi Yamazawa 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(36):4529-4535
Having a quantitative understanding of the carbon cycle in forests is of great importance for predicting global warming issues. Carbon dioxide production in soil is the largest CO2 source in forests, and exhibits large temporal and spatial variations. Continuous observation of soil CO2 flux at many sites over a forest is therefore necessary to obtain representative soil CO2 fluxes for the forest. In this study, a gradient method to measure soil CO2 flux indirectly from soil radon and CO2 measurements was theoretically modified to conveniently measure the soil CO2 flux from soil radon and CO2 concentrations measured at one soil depth. To experimentally test the modified method, a field observation was conducted continuously in a forest over a 31-day period.Since changes in the soil water content near the soil surface were small throughout the observation, a constant effective diffusivity for CO2 was assumed for the soil CO2 flux estimation. The soil CO2 flux was then calculated as the product of the effective diffusivity and the gradient of the soil CO2 concentration, each calculated from soil radon and CO2 concentrations. The estimated flux ranged from 1.9 to 5.8 μmol m?2 s?1, and, correlating well with the reference value, measured with a conventional ventilated-chamber method. We therefore conclude that the modified gradient method based on the measurement of soil CO2 and radon concentration at one depth is reliable, at least under conditions where the change in the soil water content is small. 相似文献
45.
46.
To determine the fetal sex on 30 women who were 16–20 weeks pregnant, about 100 000 maternal blood nucleated cells were analysed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a Y-chromosome-specific DNA probe. Cells with the hybridization signal were detected in 12 of the 30 women. All the 12 mothers gave birth to a male child. Of the other 18 women who had no Y-positive cells in the peripheral blood, 14 gave birth to a female child and four gave birth to a male child. These false-negative results probably occurred because the number of cells examined was inadequate. The data obtained in this study suggest that fetal sex determination using maternal peripheral blood with FISH is possible and that this diagnostic method will be clinically useful when more cells are analysed. 相似文献
47.
Katsufumi Sato Wataru Sakamoto Yoshimasa Matsuzawa Hideji Tanaka Shingo Minamikawa Yoshimasa Naito 《Marine Biology》1995,123(2):197-205
Body temperatures, ambient water temperatures, light intensities and vertical positions (depth) of eight loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, were monitored by small recorders during internesting periods from 1991 through 1993 off Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Body temperatures of eight loggerhead turtles were higher than ambient water temperatures through-out their internesting periods. Light intensities were compared with body temperatures and no evidence was obtained to suggest that the raised body temperatures were caused by the direct influence of solar radiation. Body temperatures were kept higher than water temperatures in cloudy weather or even at night. Mean thermal differences between body and water temperatures were significantly different among individuals, and larger turtles had a greater mean thermal difference. Elevations in body temperatures of adult loggerhead turtles can reasonably be assumed to result from the accumulation of metabolically produced heat. Surfacing times (spent at depths shallower than 2 m) of seven turtles were only 10.3 to 38.9% of their internesting periods, with the exception of one turtle who spent 66.3% of her time at the surface. Loggerhead turtles did not seem to bask positively at the sea surface to absorb radiative heat. 相似文献
48.
Kayama M Quoreshi AM Kitaoka S Kitahashi Y Sakamoto Y Maruyama Y Kitao M Koike T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,124(1):127-137
In northern Japan, the growth of Picea abies Karst., and Picea glehnii Masters, which have been planted along the highways, is often suppressed due to several environmental stresses. To examine the adverse effects of deicing salt, the primary source of stress,we measured needle life span, photosynthetic capacity, and water potential and transpiration rate of the two spruce species at a site with damaged trees, near the roadside and a site with healthy trees, located far from the highway. Results from the analysis showed large amounts of sodium and chlorine in the soil and snow at the damaged site. These elements had accumulated in the needles of the spruce. Moreover, physiological traits of the spruce, at the damaged site were also affected. Therefore, we concluded that poor physiological traits might be attributed to an accumulation of deicing salt in the needles, resulting in the suppression of tree growth. 相似文献
49.
We used laboratory experiments to investigate surface resistance (R
c) to dry deposition of ozone (O3) on different types of soil samples collected from the arid deserts and the Loess Plateau of northern China. Furthermore,
we measured the factors that affected R
c, which depends on the physical and chemical interaction between trace constituents and the deposition surface, and evaluated
deposition velocity (V
d). There was little influence of geometric surface area, soil weight, or O3 concentration on V
d of O3. The effect of relative humidity (RH) (i.e. moisture content of the soil) on O3 uptake was in agreement with results reported in the literature: a distinct RH dependence of V
d and little uptake under water-saturated conditions were observed. R
c values for all the soil samples examined were in the range 0.21–3.3 s mm−1 and were exponentially related to the surface area of the particles and the organic carbon content of each soil sample at
RH of both <10 and 60%. 相似文献
50.
Yuka Setoguchi Hidetaka Nomaki Tomo Kitahashi Hiromi Watanabe Koji Inoue Nanako O. Ogawa Motohiro Shimanaga 《Marine Biology》2014,161(8):1775-1785
In contrast to specific large benthic invertebrates in chemosynthetic ecosystems such as hydrothermal vents, meiofaunal communities in such habitats have been reported to have strong taxonomic overlap with meiofauna in the adjacent “normal” environments. However, meiofauna have only recently been included in studies of those environments and detailed information on these communities is still rare. This is especially true in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, even though there are many seamounts with active vents in the calderas of the region. Nematode community composition at the genus level in sediments from a hydrothermal vent field in the caldera of Myojin Knoll (32°06′N, 139°52′E, depth 1,300 m), a seamount on the Izu-Ogasawara Arc, Japan, was investigated for the first time and was compared with adjacent non-vent areas inside and outside the caldera. Multivariate analyses showed that the composition of nematodes in the hydrothermal field was significantly different from that in the non-hydrothermal fields around the caldera. However, the common genera, such as Oxystomina, Pareudesmoscolex, Desmoscolex, and Microlaimus were found in two, or all three vent fields while their rank contributions differed among the three fields. When the data from Myojin Knoll were compared with those from other deep-sea vent environments in different regions (e.g., North Fiji Basin, East Pacific Rise, Mid-Atlantic Ridge), the nematode composition in the vent field of the Myojin caldera was more similar to that of the non-vent fields around the caldera than the composition in vent fields of other regions. These data from the Northwest Pacific Ocean also suggest the absence of long-range transport systems and local adaptations for meiofauna in hydrothermal vent fields. 相似文献