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121.
Creating an academic landscape of sustainability science: an analysis of the citation network 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0
Yuya Kajikawa Junko Ohno Yoshiyuki Takeda Katsumori Matsushima Hiroshi Komiyama 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(2):221-231
Sustainability is an important concept for society, economics, and the environment, with thousands of research papers published
on the subject annually. As sustainability science becomes a distinctive research field, it is important to define sustainability
clearly and grasp the entire structure, current status, and future directions of sustainability science. This paper provides
an academic landscape of sustainability science by analyzing the citation network of papers published in academic journals.
A topological clustering method is used to detect the sub-domains of sustainability science. Results show the existence of
15 main research clusters: Agriculture, Fisheries, Ecological Economics, Forestry (agroforestry), Forestry (tropical rain
forest), Business, Tourism, Water, Forestry (biodiversity), Urban Planning, Rural Sociology, Energy, Health, Soil, and Wildlife.
Agriculture, Fisheries, Ecological Economics, and Forestry (agroforestry) clusters are predominant among these. The Energy
cluster is currently developing, as indicated by the age of papers in the cluster, although it has a relatively small number
of papers. These results are compared with those obtained by natural language processing. Education, Biotechnology, Medical,
Livestock, Climate Change, Welfare, and Livelihood clusters are uniquely extracted by natural language processing, because
they are common topics across clusters in the citation network. 相似文献
122.
Herons (Ardeidae) frequently breed in inland forests and provide organic material in the form of carcasses of prey (that they drop) and chicks (that die) to the forest floor. Such allochthonous inputs of organic materials are known to increase arthropod populations in forests. However, the exact species that show numerical responses to allochthonous inputs in heron breeding colonies remains unclear. Very few studies have clarified which factors determine numerical responses in individual species. We used pitfall and baited traps to compare the densities of arthropods between forest patches in heron breeding colonies (five sites) and areas outside of colonies (five sites) in central Japan. The density of all arthropods was not significantly different between colonies and non-colony areas. However, significant differences between colonies and non-colony areas were found in four arthropod groups. Earwigs (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae), hister beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae), and carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) were more abundant in colonies, while ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were less abundant in colonies. We detected numerical responses to heron breeding in two earwig, one histerid, five silphid, and one ant species. Chick and prey carcasses from herons may have directly led to increases in consumer populations such as earwigs, histerids, and silphids in colonies, while microenvironmental changes caused by heron breeding may have reduced ant abundance. In the Silphidae, five species showed numerical responses to allochthonous inputs, and the other two species did not. Numerical responses in individual species may have been determined by life history traits such as reproductive behaviour. 相似文献
123.
Hiroshi Urushitani Yoshinao Katsu Yasuhiko Kato Osamu Tooi Noriaki Santo Yukio Kawashima Yasuhiko Ohta Yumi Kisaka Anke Lange Charles R Tyler Rodney D Johnson Taisen Iguchi 《Environmental sciences》2007,14(5):211-233
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) has been widely used for the evaluation of the toxicity of endocrine active chemicals (EACs) and other chemicals as well as for monitoring the adverse effects of effluent discharges in relation to sexual development and function. It is useful for these evaluations for many reasons including the following: 1) it has a short life cycle facilitating studies extending over long phases of development and over multigenerations, 2) it is easy to rear, 3) male and female phenotypes can easily be distinguished on the basis of secondary sex characteristics, and 4) a genetic marker (DMY) is available for identifying the true genotypic sex. Several biomarkers have been found to be useful for identifying the effects of exposure to estrogenic and androgenic chemicals in medaka and they include increased levels of hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) and testis-ova induction in males for exposure to estrogenic chemicals, and decreased levels of hepatic VTG in females and an altered morphology of dorsal and anal fins and formation of papillae for androgenic chemicals. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the use of medaka as a test species for studies of endocrine disruption and report on the use of sex-related genetic markers and alterations in gonadal development, including the induction of testis-ova formation, for assessing the disruptive effects of EACs. In this paper, we focus on some of the more recent studies and findings. 相似文献
124.
Keiichi Honda Hiroshi Minematsu Ken’ichiro Muta Hisashi ?mura Wataru Nishii 《Chemoecology》2012,22(1):55-63
The sulfur butterfly, Colias erate, utilizes various legumes as host plants. We examined the chemical constituents of its primary host plant, Trifolium repens (white clover), to identify phytochemicals inducing oviposition by C. erate females. Since one of the four aqueous subfractions prepared from a methanolic extract of the plant has previously been shown
to be the most responsible for the oviposition-stimulatory activity exerted by the plant, chemical analyses were conducted
of the fraction concerned. Activity-directed fractionation of the subfraction by ion-exchange chromatography revealed that
the key substance(s) resided in the neutral fraction. Preparative TLC of the neutral fraction and subsequent spectral analyses
identified d-(+)-pinitol, glycerin, methyl β-d-glucoside, and myo-inositol as characteristic components together with ubiquitous sugars (e.g., sucrose and glucose). Of these, only pinitol
singly evoked significant oviposition responses at concentrations over 0.05%. In dual-choice bioassays, however, females laid
significantly more eggs on pinitol solutions admixed with glycerin or methyl β-d-glucoside than on pinitol alone. Two cyanoglucosides, linamarin, and lotaustralin, occurring in the other aqueous subfractions,
also synergistically increased the oviposition response in combination with pinitol. The results clearly indicated that pinitol
is a crucial oviposition stimulant involved in host recognition, while glycerin, methyl β-d-glucoside, linamarin, and lotaustralin function as synergists. We further examined the oviposition responses of C. erate females to aqueous fractions, along with their chemical compositions, that had been prepared from five other host plants
and a non-host plant, Aristolochia debilis (Aristolochiaceae), on which oviposition occasionally took place in an outdoor cage during the experiments.
The plant species accepted by ovipositing females were all found to contain pinitol in amounts enough to induce egg laying
by the butterfly, thus leading to the conclusion that pinitol serves as the essential mediator in recognizing and accepting
potential host plants. 相似文献
125.
Behavior of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in leachate from MSW landfill sites in Japan 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in landfill leachates and the effluent from leachate treatment facilities have been analyzed by many researchers. However, seasonal and yearly variations and the influence of landfill age are still not clear. In this study, leachate was sampled on four occasions each, at different seasons, from two MSW landfills which receive different waste material. Then, the quantities of alkylphenols (APs), bisphenol A (BPA), phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and organotin compounds (OTs) in leachate were determined. By sampling leachate from landfill cells of different age, the long-term behavior of EDCs was studied. Furthermore, leachate was also sampled at different points in the process of a leachate treatment system, and then the behavior of EDCs in the facility was studied. The concentrations of APs were as low as in surface waters, and OTs were not detected (detection limit was 0.01 microg/l), while BPA and DEHP, which were the most abundant of the four substances measured as PAEs, were found in all the leachates that were measured. Concentrations of BPA and DEHP were almost constant regardless of season, except for a couple of low concentrations observed for BPA. The varying composition of landfilled waste did not influence BPA and DEHP in leachate. Concentration of BPA in raw leachate tends to decrease as the years go by, but the concentration of DEHP was observed to remain at a constant level. BPA was considerably degraded by aeration for leachates from the two landfills, except when the leachate temperature was low. Aeration, coagulation/sedimentation, and biological treatment could not remove DEHP. 相似文献
126.
Igawa M Kase T Satake K Okochi H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,119(3):375-382
We have measured the components of the throughfall under fir trees (Abies firma) in the field around Mt. Oyama, where the forest appears to be declining, for the period 1994-1998. Exposure experiments of a simulated acid fog to fir twigs were performed under field conditions. There was a similarity between the acid response in the field and that in the laboratory. In both studies, the severe leaching of calcium ions from the needle surface was caused by exposure to acid fog. We also applied acid fog to fir seedlings over 1 year and observed a decrease in the growth of the seedlings due to this application in the dormant season. These results suggest that the severe leaching of calcium ions due to acid fog may cause the deficiency of calcium and be responsible for the decline of the fir trees. 相似文献
127.
Ohbayashi H Hosomi M Kanbe H Melber A Bruckamp J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(1):91-98
This paper describes a new vacuum thermal recycling (VTR) method for treating discarded polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-contaminated capacitors and pressure-sensitive paper. Based on results demonstrating an exceptionally high PCB separation efficiency and recovery ratio from capacitors containing high-concentration PCBs, i.e. > 99.9%, respectively, the presented VTR method is verified to effectively remove PCBs. In addition, associated safety aspects of the employed procedure were confirmed. 相似文献
128.
Hiroshi Yamauchi Wen-yuan Huang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(3):599-610
ABSTRACT: Understanding the behavior of different time-series components of water consumption data is essential for a more effective analysis of economic incentive effects of alternative policy measures and also closer integration of water supply and demand management. Additive and multiplicative models are used to analyze the trend (T), cyclical (C), seasonal (S) and irregular (I) components. The stepwise regression method was applied to 187 data points (January 1960 to July 1975), each representing average daily water consumption within the service area of the Honolulu Board of Water Supply. Although statistically similar results (R2 0.95 and 0.96 and respective corresponding F-ratios 277 and 307) might suggest little difference in model performances, closer analysis of the results point to important multiplicative effects which should be taken into account in both short-run and long-run analyses. 相似文献
129.
Waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kenji?KatoEmail author Seiji?Nomura Hiroshi?Uematsu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(2):98-101
The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF), as its voluntary energy-saving action plan, proposed a 10% energy reduction by 2010 with 1990 as the basis. Further, it has suggested an additional 1.5% energy saving by the use of waste plastics as a metallurgical raw material. The amount of processing of waste plastics which corresponds to this amount of energy conversion is about 1 million t scale during 1 year. Conventional known methods for recycle-processing of waste plastics include, for example, the method of injection into a blast furnace to use waste plastics as an iron-ore reducing agent instead of coal. On the other hand, the coking process is considered to be suitable as a waste plastic recycling facility because the process involves coal carbonization in a high-temperature and reducing atmosphere. Carbonization tests with mixed waste plastics were conducted with laboratory equipment and in actual coke ovens. As a result, it was confirmed that the waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens is feasible. Therefore, a waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens was started as a chemical recycling technology at Nippon Steel. 相似文献
130.
The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of seven new aryl fluoroalkyl ethers--four bis-4-tetrafluoroethoxyphenyl-type (bis-type) compounds and three mono-4-tetrafluoroethoxyphenyl-type (mono-type) compounds--were obtained by bioconcentration tests using common carp. The BCFs of 4 of the 7 ethers were higher than 5000, indicating their high bioconcentration potential. The bioconcentration characteristics of the bis-type compounds were different from those of the mono-type compounds and non-fluoro diphenylmethanes with a similar skeleton structure to the bis-type compounds, in taking longer to reach a plateau and having a slower elimination rate and in their distribution patterns in the fish body. The BCF of 1 bis-type compound was much higher than the value predicted by an accepted correlation equation between BCF and P(ow). In addition, the logP(ow) of the bis-type compounds calculated by commercially available computer software was remarkably different from that measured. 相似文献