Contribution of anadromous fish to the diet of European catfish in a large river system

Many anadromous fish species, when migrating from the sea to spawn in fresh waters, can potentially be a valuable prey for larger predatory fish, thereby efficiently linking these two ecosystems. Here, we assess the contribution of anadromous fish to the diet of European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a large river system (Garonne, southwestern France) using stable isotope analysis and allis shad (Alosa alosa) as an example of anadromous fish. Allis shad caught in the Garonne had a very distinct marine δ¹³C value, over 8‰ higher after lipid extraction compared to the mean δ¹³C value of all other potential freshwater prey fish. The δ¹³C values of European catfish varied considerably between these two extremes and some individuals were clearly specializing on freshwater prey, whereas others specialized on anadromous fish. The mean contribution of anadromous fish to the entire European catfish population was estimated to be between 53% and 65%, depending on the fractionation factor used for δ¹³C.     

城市交通环境对行道树叶片表皮结构影响的研究

以珠江三角洲常见的 8种受到交通环境影响的城市行道树及其对照树作为研究材料 ,对其叶片的上下表皮结构进行了研究。结果表明 ,交通环境引起城市行道树叶片表皮结构如气孔数、气孔口等发生变化 ,但不同的树种的叶片表皮结构对交通环境的响应不同。     

广东省移动源中等挥发性有机物(IVOCs)排放清单及不确定性分析

中等挥发性有机物（Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds,IVOCs）是二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的重要前体物.然而,当前我国IVOCs排放清单研究相对较少,现有研究大多采用基于IVOCs/POA比值法估算,导致IVOCs排放表征存在很高的不确定性.以移动源为研究对象,在优先采用本土实测的排放因子的基础上,构建了基于实测排放因子的广东省2019年移动源IVOCs排放清单,并与基于IVOCs/POA比值法建立的排放清单进行对比评估.结果显示：2019年广东省移动源IVOCs总排放量为2.1万t,其中,道路移动源IVOCs排放量为1.5万t,占总排放量的70%,主要来自柴油重货（33%）、柴油轻货（23%）、汽油小客（14%）.其中,道路移动源IVOCs汽油车主要以国四、国五标准车型为主,分别占 汽油车排放的36%和49%,而柴油车主要以国三、国四标准车型为主,分别占柴油车排放的53%和28%.相比实测因子法,比值法计算的道路移动源IVOCs排放整体偏高了100%~200%,但计算的非道路移动源IVOCs排放整体偏低了近1/3.通过不确定性量化对比也发现,实测因子法建立的IVOCs排放清单不确定性整体比比值法平均降低了60%,表明实测排放因子能够提高IVOCs表征的可靠性.此外,本土和国外实测排放因子建立的道路移动源IVOCs排放也有明显差异,采用国外实测排放因子可能会导致广东省2019年道路移动源IVOCs排放低估30%~50%.     

温度和土壤含水量对温带森林土壤温室气体排放的影响

全球温带森林土壤是影响陆地主要温室气体——二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的重要源和汇,土壤温湿度的交互作用是影响温室气体吸收与释放的重要影响因素,但目前针对温带森林土壤的温湿度变化对温室气体的影响研究甚少。本研究用自动控制温湿度的人工气候箱模拟不同温度(5、10、15℃)和土壤水分含量(最大田间持水量的20%、40%、60%、80%)环境,比较研究3种我国温带典型森林土壤CO2、N2O、CH4的通量动态变化及其综合增温潜势(GWP)。结果表明:温度和土壤含水量增加会导致3种森林土壤的CO2和N2O表现为排放源、CH4为弱吸收汇。其中,阔叶林和针叶林土壤CO2排放通量变化幅度相近,针阔混交林的排放通量波动范围较小于二者;针阔混交林和阔叶林土壤的N2O排放通量变化幅度相近,而针叶林土壤的排放通量波动范围明显高于二者;阔叶林土壤CH4吸收通量随温度和土壤含水量增加的幅度较其他2种林型显著。3种林型土壤GWP受温度和土壤含水量影响的敏感性由高到低依次为阔叶林针叶林针阔混交林。     

Elevated temperature elicits greater effects than decreased pH on the development, feeding and metabolism of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae

Climate models predict that the average temperature in the North Sea could increase 3–5 °C and surface-waters pH could decrease 0.3–0.5 pH units by the end of this century. Consequently, we investigated the combined effect of decreased pH (control pH 8.1; decreased pH 7.6) and temperature (control 6.7 °C; elevated 9.5 °C) on the hatching timing and success, and the zoeal development, survival, feeding, respiration and growth (up to stage IV zoea) of the northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis. At elevated temperature, embryos hatched 3 days earlier, but experienced 2–4 % reduced survival. Larvae developed 9 days faster until stage IV zoea under elevated temperature and exhibited an increase in metabolic rates (ca 20 %) and an increase in feeding rates (ca 15–20 %). Decreased pH increased the development time, but only at the low temperature. We conclude that warming will likely exert a greater effect on shrimp larval development than ocean acidification manifesting itself as accelerated developmental rates with greater maintenance costs and decreased recruitment in terms of number and size.     

Cleaner production in Danish fish processing – experiences,status and possible future strategies

Danish fish processing industry has been one of the pioneers regarding implementation of cleaner production and environmental management systems. This article describes the experiences with cleaner production (CP) among leading Danish industries producing pickled herring and canned mackerel. The article emphasizes two case studies of ‘first mover’ companies, but data from other ‘proactive’ companies are also included.The article provides an overview of different types of CP solutions, improvement potentials, synergistic effects and possible trade-offs. The development of the applied solutions from the late 1980s until today are analysed and recommendations to future strategies at company level and policy level are provided.It is concluded that significant environmental improvements have been obtained for the analysed companies – especially concerning reductions in water consumption, wastewater emissions, and utilisation of fish ‘waste’ for valuable by-products. Still, more focus could be placed on the reduction of energy consumption, change of packaging types, and environmental impacts in other stages of the products life cycle.Authorities and companies have mainly focused on on-site reductions of wastewater emissions, but life cycle assessments show that more attention should be given to the reductions of environmental impacts in other parts of the product chain, e.g. fishing operations and transport as well.     

Encouraging sustainable clothing disposal: consumers’ social recycling motivations in Turkey

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Nowadays, textile waste arising from increasing clothing production, consumption, and disposal activities has led to environmental, social, and...     

Study on the removal of elemental mercury from simulated flue gas by Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/AC at low temperature

Fe₂O₃ and CeO₂ modified activated coke (AC) synthesized by the equivalent-volume impregnation were employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg⁰) from simulated flue gas at a low temperature. Effects of the mass ratio of Fe₂O₃ and CeO₂, reaction temperature, and individual flue gas components including O₂, NO, SO₂, and H₂O (g) on Hg⁰ removal efficiency of impregnated AC were investigated. The samples were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that with optimal mass percentage of 3 % Fe₂O₃ and 3 % CeO₂ on Fe3Ce3/AC, the Hg⁰ removal efficiency could reach an average of 88.29 % at 110 °C. Besides, it was observed that O₂ and NO exhibited a promotional effect on Hg⁰ removal, H₂O (g) exerted a suppressive effect, and SO₂ showed an insignificant inhibition without O₂ to some extent. The analysis of XPS indicated that the main species of mercury on used Fe3Ce3/AC was HgO, which implied that adsorption and catalytic oxidation were both included in Hg⁰ removal. Furthermore, the lattice oxygen, chemisorbed oxygen, and/or weakly bonded oxygen species made a contribution to Hg⁰ oxidation.