LLDPE料仓燃爆原因分析及防静电措施

论述了LLDPE料仓粉尘爆炸的原因,提出了避免料仓静电燃爆的对策措施以及采取相关防静电措施后的运行效果.     

邛海流域设施葡萄园土壤养分与地下水污染特征研究

为揭示邛海流域设施葡萄园土壤养分的累积状况与地下水的污染特征,选取邛海北岸典型设施葡萄种植区为研究区域,采集不同种植年限的设施葡萄园和普通农田表层土壤以及相应区域地下水进行分析,并采用相关性分析方法探讨葡萄园表层土壤中氮、磷浓度,土壤理化性质与种植年限之间的关系.结果表明:设施葡萄园表层土壤中速效氮浓度平均为0.702...     

位阻胺混合甘氨酸盐溶液吸收CO2的研究

在双搅拌反应釜中研究了位阻胺2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)与甘氨酸钠(SG)混合溶液吸收CO2的性能.实验温度293~313K,混合溶液的浓度为AMP(1.5kmol/m3)+SG (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8kmol/m3),SG浓度每增加0.2kmol/m3,200min内的平均吸收速率分别提高11.47%,10.07%,9.18%和5.33%.与AMP单一溶液相比,混合溶液在200 min时的吸收容量增加了11.5%~41.1%.在293~313K,吸收速率随温度上升而提高.使用加热的方法进行再生实验,得到1.5 kmol/m3 AMP + 0.6 kmol/m3 SG混合液的最适再生温度为378K.AMP + SG混合溶液的再生效率高于单一SG溶液及AMP + MEA/DEA混合溶液.     

菌株scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷降解的研究

研究了有机磷农药降解菌株Arthrobacter sp.scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的降解特性,结果表明菌株scl-2可以利用苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷为唯一磷源生长.菌株scl-2降解苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的最适温度均为30℃,哒嗪硫磷的降解在初始pH8时速度最快,而丙溴磷和苯线磷的最适初始pH均为7,偏酸偏碱均不利于菌株对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解.利用气相色谱-质谱联机鉴定了苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解产物,分别为3-甲基-4-甲硫基苯酚、6-羟基-2-苯基-2-氢哒嗪酮和4-溴-2-氯苯酚.     

Thermal cracking of waste printed wiring boards for mechanical recycling by using residual steam preprocessing

Mechanical waste-processing methods, which combine crushing and separation processes for the recovery of valuable materials, have been widely applied in waste printed wiring board (PWB) treatment. However, both the high impact toughness and the tensile and flexural strengths of whole PWB with a laminated structure result in great energy consumption and severe abrasion of the cutters during multi-level crushing. In addition, the high temperatures occurring in continual crushing probably cause the decomposition of the polymer matrix. A thermal-crack method using residual steam as the heating medium has been developed to pre-treat waste PWBs. This treatment reduces the mechanical strength in order to improve the recovery rate of valuable materials in subsequent mechanical recycling. The changes of the PWBs’ macro-mechanical properties were studied to evaluate thermal expansion impacts associated with changes in temperature, and the dynamic dislocation micro-structures were observed to identify the fracture mechanism. The results showed that thermal cracking with steam at the temperature of 500 K can effectively attenuate the mechanical properties of waste PWBs, by reducing the impact, tensile and flexural strengths respectively, by 59.2%, 49.3% and 51.4%, compared to untreated PWB. Thermal expansion can also facilitate the separation of copper from glass fiber by reducing peel resistance by 95.4% at 500 K. It was revealed that the flexural fracture was a transverse cracking caused by concentrated stress when the heating temperature was less than 500 K, and shifted to a vertical cracking after exceeding 500 K.     

Preliminary study of groundwater denitrification using a composite membrane bioreactor

A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate- containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of NO3--N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m^-2·h^-1 for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen.     

Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case studies

ATSI Model 3800 aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for single-particle analysis in Shanghai during the World Exposition (EXPO), 2010. Measurements on two extreme cases: polluted day (1st May) and clean day (25th September) were compared to show how meteorological conditions affected the concentration and composition of ambient aerosols. Mass spectra of 90496 and 50407 particles were analyzed respectively during the two sampling periods. The ART-2a neural network algorithm was applied to sort the collected particles. Seven major classes of particles were obtained: dust, sea salt, industrial, biomass burning, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and NH₄-rich particles. Number concentration of ambient aerosols showed a strong anti-correlation with the boundary layer height variation. The external mixing states of aerosols were quite different during two sampling periods because of different air parcel trajectories. Number fraction of biomass burning particles (43.3%) during polluted episode was much higher than that (21.6%) of clean time. Air parcels from the East China Sea on clean day diluted local pollutant concentration and increased the portion of sea salt particle dramatically (13.3%). The large contribution of biomass burning particles in both cases might be an indication of a constant regional background of biomass burning emission. Mass spectrum analysis showed that chemical compositions and internal mixing states of almost all the particle types were more complicate during polluted episode compared with those observed in clean time. Strong nitrate signals in the mass spectra suggested that most of the particles collected on polluted day had gone through some aging processes before reaching the sampling site.     

基于希瓦氏菌合成的荧光碳点及其用于Fe3+和对硝基苯酚(p-NP)的检测

本文以Shewanella oneidensis MR-1为原料,通过一步水热法合成了荧光碳点(CDs@MR-1).采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和荧光光谱(PL)等手段对CDs@MR-1的形貌、结构和组成、表面基团以及光学性能进行了表征.研...     

青海省东部农业区参考作物蒸散量的变化及对气象因子的敏感性分析

使用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算了青海省东部农业区7个气象代表站的逐日参考作物蒸散量(ET₀),运用多窗谱方法(MTM)对青海省东部代表站的ET₀的变化周期进行了分析,同时,分析了影响ET₀的主要气象要素的变化趋势,运用基于偏导数的敏感系数法分析了生长季ET₀对气温、日照时数、相对湿度、风速的敏感性,结果表明,青海省东部农业区的7个站点有比较一致的19.23~22.22 a的周期;整个东部农业区的气温(最高温度、最低温度、平均温度)呈明显的上升趋势,日照时数、风速、相对湿度则随纬度的变化而趋势不同,北纬36°以南的两个站日照时数、风速均有增加的趋势,相对湿度则减小,以北的5个站则呈相反的变化;ET₀对日照时数最为敏感,其次是气温、相对湿度和风速;敏感系数在整个生长季随气象因子的变化而变化,日照时数敏感系数呈波动状,最大值出现在4月,最小值出现在9月,气温敏感系数呈现单峰型变化,最大值出现在7月,风速敏感系数则呈单谷型变化,最小值出现在7月。     

基于径向基函数神经网络方法的城市生态压力预测

针对城市生态压力影响因素复杂,难以对城市未来可持续发展状况做出准确判断的问题,提出了城市生态压力的径向基函数神经网络预测模型,分析了影响城市生态系统的主要因素.以抚顺市1995-2009年数据为基础,验证了模型的准确性并预测了该市2010-2015年城市生态系统的压力情况.研究结果表明:能源消耗指标是影响城市生态系统压力的主要因素;运用径向基函数神经网络模型对训练样本的拟合精度以及对测试样本的仿真精度分别达97.91%和94.16%;抚顺市2015年的人均生态足迹、 生态承载力和生态赤字分别达到7.013、 0.523和6.49 hm²/人.