南海莺琼盆地沉积环境中厌氧纤维素分解菌的分布与作用

在严格厌氧条件下，研究了驾琼盆地东方１－１－１井垂直剖面不同沉积层地质样品中的厌氧纤维素分解菌．结果表明：厌氧纤维素分解菌在各样品中都存在，但其分布有很大随机性，与样品埋藏深度无相关性，与样品中一些有机物含量，如纤维素、半纤维素也无相关性，厌氧纤维素分解菌数量高的样品，其在生物模拟产甲烷实验中的单位有机质产气量也较高，有显著的相关性．菌体形态主要为杆菌和球菌．     

废水的生物脱氮除磷新工艺的设想

结合废水生物脱氮除磷机理和影响因素，在对几种典型脱氮除磷工艺氮、磷去除率进行比较的基础上，解析了一些典型工艺除氮除磷不足之处。根据重庆城市污水水质实际情况和地形的特点，设想一种新的生物脱 氮除磷工艺，从而弥补传统工艺的不足。可望提高系统的脱氮和除磷效率，达到更好的脱氮除磷的目的，减少对水体的污染。     

超临界水氧化有机废水动力学分析

根据推流式超临界水氧化 (SCWO)反应器处理有机废水的动力学方程式 ,结合近年来超临界水氧化降解各种有机废水的实验研究情况 ,对超临界水氧化有机废水的反应动力学影响因素进行了综合分析 ,同时指出了该技术在有机废水处理中的应用优势和存在问题。     

生物法降解低浓度含甲苯废气的研究

筛选出以甲苯为唯一碳源的高效降解甲苯的假单孢菌Pseudmonas sp.ZD5，并设计生物滤池装置，研究了温度为10－50℃、相对湿度为50％－80％、人口甲苯浓度为1000－4500mg/m^3、气流量为0.3-0.7m^3/h的操作条件对甲苯降解率的影响，得出甲苯最高降解率为89.7%，表明此细菌降解低浓度甲苯废气有较好的效果。     

类-Fenton体系对水中17β-雌二醇的光降解

以250W照明金属卤化物灯为光源研究了水中17β雌二醇(E2)在类Fenton体系中的光降解。结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)/H2O2体系能有效地光降解E2。pH3～6范围内,E2光降解率及反应初始速率随酸度的增大而增大;H2O2初始浓度越大,E2降解率及反应初始速率越大;E2初始浓度越低,E2降解率越高,反应初始速率越低。     

生物接触氧化结合气浮法处理卷烟综合废水

某卷烟厂采用生物接触氧化结合气浮法处理卷烟综合废水,经过3年的运行实践表明,工艺运行稳定可靠,在进水COD为300～1 500 mg/L、SS为100～600 mg/L、BOD5为100～900 mg/L、NH3-N为10～20 mg/L、水温为20～30 ℃时,出水COD《70 mg/L、BOD5《20 mg/L、SS《30 mg/L、NH3-N《3 mg/L,完全实现达标排放.     

雌酮在铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物体系中的光降解

以125 W高压汞灯为光源,研究了水中雌酮(E1)在铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐体系中的光降解;考察了初始pH值、铁(Ⅲ)/草酸盐配比、E1初始浓度对E1光降解的影响.结果表明,铁(Ⅲ)/草酸盐体系能引发E1的光降解.在pH=3.5,Fe(Ⅲ)/Ox配比为10/120μmol/L时,2 mg/L E1光照160 min可以降解59%.在pH 3～6范围内,pH为3～4时E1降解效率最高;在2～10 mg/L范围内,光降解效率随水溶液中E1初始浓度的增加而降低.     

错流式动态膜-生物反应器中污泥活性的研究

应用错流式动态膜-生物反应器(CDMBR)对己内酰胺废水进行了180 d的实验,实验过程中测定反应器的膜出水和上清液的水质,并对污泥进行了耗氧呼吸速率测定.结果表明,上清液COD一直保持在100mg/L以下,而膜出水的则保持在50 mg/L以下,膜对上清液的COD去除率达50%,而对氮的去除没有贡献.可溶性细胞产物(SMP)在反应器内容易积累,停留足够的时间后能被生物降解.通过投加抑制剂测定耗氧呼吸速率,发现异养菌、硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌的活性由于F/M的降低和SMP积累受到一定的抑制,但不影响系统的处理效率.跨膜压力、膜面流速越大,通量衰减得也就越快.     

Changes in soil organic carbon storage under grassland as evidenced by changes in sulphur input-output budgets

Information about temporal changes in soil organic carbon (C) pools may be obtained indirectly from changes in input-output budgets of organically combined nutrients such as sulphur (S). Sulphur budgets were therefore evaluated for Northern Ireland (NI) for the period 1940-1990, inclusive. These budgets indicated that the land or soil had acted first as a sink but then as a source for S, and that reserves of soil S built up between 1940 and 1965 were totally depleted by the mid-1980s. Pooled data from six long-term soil-monitoring sites on undisturbed grassland suggested that negative S budgets from the late-1970s onwards had been due to the net mineralization of soil organic matter and thus were indicative of net losses of organic C from surface soil horizons. There was some evidence that the decline in rainfall and fertiliser S inputs from the mid-1960s may have precipitated the breakdown of soil organic matter.     

Accumulation of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium by 12 wetland plant species thriving in metal-contaminated sites in China

The concentrations of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium accumulated by 12 emergent-rooted wetland plant species including different populations of Leersia hexandra, Juncus effusus and Equisetum ramosisti were investigated in field conditions of China. The results showed that metal accumulation by wetland plants differed among species, populations and tissues. Populations grown in substrata with elevated metals contained significantly higher metals in plants. Metals accumulated by wetland plants were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. That some species/populations could accumulate relatively high metal concentrations (far above the toxic concentration to plants) in their shoots indicates that internal detoxification metal tolerance mechanism(s) are also included. The factors affecting metal accumulation by wetland plants include metal concentrations, pH, and nutrient status in substrata. Mostly concentrations of Pb and Cu in both aboveground and underground tissues of the plants were significantly positively related to their total and/or DTPA-extractable fractions in substrata while negatively to soil N and P, respectively. The potential use of these wetland plants in phytoremediation is also discussed.