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采用HPLC对某烟酰胺生产废水的主要成分进行分析,并模拟废水中的主要成分烟酰胺(nicotinamide)的浓度,对以烟酰胺为唯一碳源配制的培养基进行降解实验,获得有较佳降解率和生长能力的菌株YSI-1和YSI-2。结果表明.YSI菌株的混合菌降解效果优于单株菌,混合菌在初始OD600值为0.4,pH为7.0时,对浓度为2000mg/L的烟酰胺降解2d的降解率可达32.8%。延长处理时间或提高菌种的初始OD600值,烟酰胺的去除率均有较大的增加。 相似文献
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以风干电镀污泥为电动处理试验材料,水为阳极电解液,柠檬酸-柠檬酸铵缓冲液为阴极电解液,施加25 V直流电压条件下电动运行5 d,研究了水、低浓度木钙和硝酸等预处理对电镀污泥电动过程的影响。结果表明,各处理的阴极电解液pH值变化平稳,都维持在3-3.5较理想的范围。而1%木钙、1%硝酸饱和预处理电镀污泥,明显改变了电动过程中电渗流和电流密度的大小,对电镀污泥Cu、Ni的去除率也有明显增加。其中,木钙、硝酸预处理后对Cu的去除率由对照的13.24%分别提高到19.05%和25.55%,即去除量分别增大3 516.35 mg/kg和7 457.62 mg/kg;木钙、硝酸预处理后对Ni的去除率由对照的14.68%分别提高到16.47%和28.85%,即去除量分别增大800.91 mg/kg和6 359.92 mg/kg。 相似文献
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拉萨市垃圾填埋场随着使用年限的增长,填埋场区域地下水中重金属铅的含量偏高。为了更好地保护地下水,采用物理屏蔽法、抽出处理法和原位修复法作为修复方案。运用AHP-TOPSIS方法来选取最佳修复方案:先通过AHP层次分析法确定权重,选取了建设条件、经济条件、技术条件、环境条件、污染物特征、水化学特征6个指标体系来建立层次分析模型;然后采用TOPSIS接近理想目标的排序方法对修复方案的选取进行优劣排序分析。结果表明:2种方法综合分析得到的权重值由大到小的顺序为原位修复法、物理屏蔽法、抽出处理法,最后确定原位修复技术更加适合于该场区地下水修复。 相似文献
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Yuping Chen Hui Yan Yijuan Yao Chunling Zeng Ping Gao Liyue Zhuang Liya Fan Daiqi Ye 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(8):1-13
Due to the influences of precursors emissions, meteorology, geography and other factors, ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data, and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types (LUTs). From 2012 to 2016, the OFS tended to be NOx-limited in GBA, with the value of FNR (HCHO/NO2) increasing from 2.04 to 2.22. According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors, NOx emissions decreased by 33.1% and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2% from 2012 to 2016, directly resulting in OFS tending to be NOx-limited. The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water (TCW), surface net solar radiation (SSR), air temperature at 2 m (T2) and surface pressure (SP) are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS. There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2, SSR, TCW, and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP. In GBA, the OFS tends to be NOx-limited regime in wet season (higher T2, SSR, TCW and lower SP) and VOCs-limited regime in dry season (lower T2, SSR, TCW and higher SP). The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs, with the highest in “Rural areas”, second in “Suburban areas” and lowest in “Urban areas”. 相似文献
649.
以壳聚糖为原材料,通过原位共沉淀法和柠檬酸钠交联法制备了一种新型多孔磁性壳聚糖凝胶微球吸附剂CS-citrate/Fe3O4.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)对吸附剂进行了表征.结果表明,吸附剂内部具有发达的孔隙结构,并均匀分布有平均直径为(4.79±1.09)nm的Fe3O4纳米颗粒;吸附剂中引入Fe3O4后,仍存在羟基、氨基和羧基等功能基团,且吸附剂磁性良好可用于磁场分离;吸附剂对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线和动力学研究表明,吸附过程以化学吸附为主,最大吸附容量可达178.25mg/g. 相似文献
650.
Zijuan Lan Bin Zhang Xiaofeng Huang Qiao Zhu Jinfeng Yuan Liwu Zeng Min Hu Lingyan He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(1):277-284
Haze in China is primarily caused by high pollution of atmospheric fine particulates (PM2.5). However, the detailed source structures of PM2.5 light extinction have not been well established, especially for the roles of various organic aerosols, which makes haze management lack specified targets. This study obtained the mass concentrations of the chemical compositions and the light extinction coefficients of fine particles in the winter in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, using high time resolution aerosol observation instruments. We combined the positive matrix factor (PMF) analysis model of organic aerosols and the multiple linear regression method to establish a quantitative relationship model between the main chemical components, in particular the different sources of organic aerosols and the extinction coefficients of fine particles with a high goodness of fit (R2 = 0.953). The results show that the contribution rates of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and black carbon (BC) were 48.1%, 20.7%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the contribution of the secondary aerosols is much higher than that of the primary aerosols (79.4% versus 20.6%) and are a major factor in the visibility decline. BBOA is found to have a high visibility destroying potential, with a high mass extinction coefficient, and was the largest contributor during some high pollution periods. A more detailed analysis indicates that the contribution of the enhanced absorption caused by BC mixing state was approximately 37.7% of the total particle absorption and should not be neglected. 相似文献