生活垃圾特性调查与实户制分类试点研究

以东莞某花园小区为垃圾分类试点,试点采用简易的“干湿”分类法,以分出厨余垃圾为主要目的,通过实行实户制和奖惩制,促进垃圾分类的有序开展。研究表明：原始垃圾湿基低位热值5083．16kJ／kg,试点6个月以来,参与垃圾分类住户分类合格率为70％,厨余垃圾平均分出率达63．94％。     

城市景观生态建设探讨——以长沙市芙蓉区为例

城市景观生态建设是城市生态规划建设的重要内容。在归纳总结了城市景观生态的特点和规划内容的基础上,以长沙市芙蓉区为例,分析了长沙市芙蓉区景观生态现状,并运用景观生态学原理,对长沙市芙蓉区景观生态建设提出了一些建议和措施,具体包括：景观的生态框架设计,种群源（斑块）工程,廊道与节点工程,城市山水生态工程,城市绿地建设工程和城市景观文化规划。通过上述具体的生态景观规划和建设,使长沙市芙蓉区的景观生态能得到较大改善,更好地为城市生态功能服务。     

Effects of ionic strength and temperature on the aggregation and deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The aggregation and deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) determines their transport and fate in natural waters.Therefore,the aggregation kinetics of humic-acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(HA-MWCNTs) was investigated by time-resolved dynamic light scattering in NaCl and CaCl_2 electrolyte solutions.Increased ionic strength induced HA-MWCNT aggregation due to the less negative zeta potential and the reduced electrostatic repulsion.The critical coagulation concentration(CCC) values of HA-MWCNTs were 80 mmol/L in NaCl and 1.3 mmol/L in CaCl_2 electrolyte,showing that Ca~(2+) causes more serious aggregation than Na~+.The aggregation behavior of HA-MWCNTs was consistent with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory.The deposition kinetics of HA-MWCNTs was measured by the optical absorbance at 800 ran.The critical deposition concentrations for HA-MWCNT in NaCl and CaCl_2 solutions were close to the CCC values,therefore the rate of deposition cannot be increased by changing the ionic strength in the diffusion-limited aggregation regime.The deposition process was correlated to the aggregation since larger aggregates increased gravitational deposition and decreased random Brownian diffusion.HA-MWCNTs hydrodynamic diameters were evaluated at 5,15 and 25℃.Higher temperature caused faster aggregation due to the reduced electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion and collision frequency.HA-MWCNTs aggregate faster at higher temperature in either NaCl or CaCl_2electrolyte due to the decreased electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion.Our results suggest that CNT aggregation and deposition are two correlated processes governed by the electrolyte,and CNT transport is favored at low ionic strength and low temperature.     

不同硒水平对大豆不同部位累积镉的影响

通过大豆盆栽试验,土壤中Se含量分别为1.56、2.56、3.56、6.56、11.56 mg/kg,研究硒对大豆生物量的影响,大豆茎、叶、果、壳富集Se以及累积Cd的规律。结果表明,适量的Se对大豆累积Cd起缓解作用,其中,除2.56mg/kg体现出硒镉的协同作用外,其它随着土壤中硒的含量的增加,大豆的茎、果、壳、叶累积Cd的含量逐渐降低。同时,大豆的豆粒具有良好的富硒能力,富硒能力的顺序依次是果>叶>茎>壳。     

萍乡蔬菜种植区土壤中重金属含量及潜在生态危害研究

为了解萍乡蔬菜种植区土壤环境质量和污染状况,采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对采样区土壤的环境质量进行了评价.结果表明,所有重金属的均值均未超过土壤环境质量标准中的二级标准,其单项污染指数依次为Hg>Ni>Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb>As>Cr,其中Cd、Hg、Pb、Ni含量均高于对应元素的江西省土壤重金属背景值,但土壤的综合污染指数和潜在生态危害指数都较低.总的来说,萍乡蔬菜种植区土壤环境质量处于清洁和安全范围内,生态风险较低.     

萍乡市"十二五"地下水环境质量评价及污染防治研究

通过对地下水监测数据的分析研究,采用内梅罗指数评价法对萍乡市"十二五"的地下水环境质量进行了综合评价,并对地下水的污染防治提出了合理的措施和建议,为地下水的合理开发利用及污染防治提供理论参考.地下水是人类赖以生存的重要资源,其质量的优劣会直接影响城市的可持续发展,正确合理地评价地下水水环境质量,对保护地下水资源、准确掌握污染状况具有积极意义.     

Seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along the Kaohsiung coast

Thirty-three air samples were collected by high-volume samplers from May 2007 to June 2008 in the coastal area of southwest Taiwan and analyzed for total suspended particulates (TSP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentrations of TSP and total PAHs ranged from 40.4 to 251 μg m(-3) and 1.86-56.4 ng m(-3), respectively. Except for joss paper burning during the religious celebration of Ghost Month, which resulted in the highest concentration of PAHs in the summer of 2007, a seasonal variation in total PAH concentration was observed over this study period, with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest in summer. Because of the geographical and climatic characteristics of the sampling site, monsoon activities modulate the seasonal variations of PAHs. Diagnostic ratios showed that PAHs in the atmosphere of the Kaohsiung coastal area arose predominantly from vehicle emissions (mainly from diesel exhaust), joss paper burning, and coal/wood combustion. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the sampling days could be divided into three groups and that the major source identification of PAHs was the same as the identification by diagnostic ratios. In addition, the results of HCA and PCA suggest that the samples collected with a prevailing northerly or northeasterly wind direction contain both local emissions and those from neighboring sources. On the other hand, the cases related to westerly or northwesterly winds indicated that local emission was the major source for the sampling site.     

面向大学校园的碳足迹行为的分析研究

世界人口日益增长,人均碳排放依然逐年增加,探索低碳、环境友好型经济增长模式,发展"低碳"应成为每个企业和公民的责任,而大学生作为享受高等教育的群体,更应培养"低碳生活"的习惯。以校园"碳足迹"行为为调查内容,分析校园碳足迹的分布情况,结合数值优化思想与数理统计方法,得到一套完整的低碳校园解决方案,并提出一种节能减排意识的培养机制,逐步让节能减排成为一种时尚。     

Inactivation, reactivation and regrowth of indigenous bacteria in reclaimed water after chlorine disinfection of a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Disinfection of reclaimed water prior to reuse is important to prevent the transmission of pathogens. Chlorine is a widely utilized disinfectant and as such is a leading contender for disinfection of reclaimed water. To understand the risks of chlorination resulting from the potential selection of pathogenic bacteria, the inactivation, reactivation and regrowth rates of indigenous bacteria were investigated in reclaimed water after chlorine disinfection. Inactivation of total coliforms, Enterococcus and Salmonella showed linear correlations, with constants of 0.1384, 0.1624 and 0.057 L/(mg·min) and R² of 0.7617, 0.8316 and 0.845, respectively. However, inactivation of total viable cells by measurement of metabolic activity typically showed a linear correlation at lower chlorine dose (0-22 (mg·min)/L), and a trailing region with chlorine dose increasing from 22 to 69 (mg·min)/L. Reactivation and regrowth of bacteria were most likely to occur after exposure to lower chlorine doses, and extents of reactivation decreased gradually with increasing chlorine dose. In contrast to total coliforms and Enterococcus, Salmonella had a high level of regrowth and reactivation, and still had 2% regrowth even after chlorination of 69 (mg·min)/L and 24 hr storage. The bacterial compositions were also significantly altered by chlorination and storage of reclaimed water, and the ratio of Salmonella was significantly increased from 0.001% to 0.045% after chlorination of 69 (mg·min)/L and 24 hr storage. These trends indicated that chlorination contributes to the selection of chlorine-resistant pathogenic bacteria, and regrowth of pathogenic bacteria after chlorination in reclaimed water with a long retention time could threaten public health security during wastewater reuse.