畜禽养殖废水生物处理与农田利用过程抗生素抗性基因的转归特征研究进展

兽用抗生素的广泛使用造成了畜禽养殖场及其周边环境中抗生素抗性基因丰度的提高,而畜禽养殖废水所携带的抗性基因在生物处理及其农田利用过程中的转归规律尚不明确,存在抗性基因从畜禽养殖场向周边环境的传播风险.本文通过文献调研,综述了畜禽养殖废水中抗性基因的赋存特征、抗性基因在畜禽养殖废水生物处理和农田利用过程中转归的研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向,以期为揭示畜禽养殖废水在生物处理和农田利用过程中抗性基因的消减规律、降低抗性基因传播风险提供借鉴.     

电渗透脱水污泥干燥特性曲线及干燥模型简

通过电渗透脱水技术及自然风干技术两种预处理方式降低污泥含水率,当污泥初始含水率相近时,研究经两种方式处理后污泥的干燥特性曲线,并对电渗透脱水污泥干燥特性曲线的优势情况进行探讨。在40~120℃的低温条件下,研究电渗透脱水污泥（泥饼厚度为3.5 mm）的干燥特性曲线并分析其干燥特性。通过所得电渗透脱水污泥的干燥特性曲线,引入薄层污泥干燥模型进行数值分析。结果表明,在实验条件下,电渗透脱水污泥的干燥速率要优于自然风干污泥的干燥速率。随着温度的升高,电渗透脱水污泥的干燥速率随之升高,干燥到所需含水率的时间则随之减少。Logarithmic模型比其他模型更适合描述薄层电渗透脱水污泥在低温条件下的干燥特性。     

Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption on chemically modified muskmelon peel

A cost-effective biosorbent was prepared by a green chemical modification process from muskmelon peel by saponification with alkaline solution of Ca(OH)₂. Its adsorption behavior for lead ions was investigated and found to exhibit excellent adsorption properties. Results showed that the optimal equilibrium pH range for 100 % adsorption is from 4 up to 6.4. Adsorption equilibrium was attained within 10 min. The adsorption process can be described well by Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics equation, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead ions was found to be 0.81 mol/kg. Pectic acid contained in the muskmelon peel is the main factor responsible for the uptake of lead ions onto the gel, and the chemical modification process presented in this study can be assumed effective to prepare other similar biomaterials. The large adsorption capacity and the fast adsorption rate indicated that chemically saponified muskmelon peel gel in present study has great potential to be used as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from the water.     

碱性气体对鼠卵营养液M16和M2pH的影响

为了考察原核显微注射法制备转基因小鼠过程中Ｍ１６和Ｍ２鼠卵营养液的ＰＨ的影响因素,测定了不同存放条件下的Ｍ２和Ｍ１６营养液的ＰＨ,结果发现,Ｍ２ 完全开放的空气环境中放置７ｈ,ＰＨ升高２．６％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实验环境中放置４ｄ,ＰＨ升高３．７％（Ｐ〈０．００１）;Ｍ１６在相对密闭的条件下放置７ｄ和１５ｄ,ＰＨ分别升高４．５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）和６．４％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实     

Study on difference of outburst elimination effect between sub-layers of soft coal and hard coal under the condition of gas per-drainage

The effect of drainage and outburst elimination are obviously different between soft and hard coal sub-layers under per-drainage of coal seam, and hence, the location of per-drainage borehole related to the soft sub-layer is the key that determines whether the outburst can be eliminated in whole coal seam. This paper discusses the differences between soft and hard coal from fields of pore radius distribution, pore structure, surface area and permeability, and the per-drainage effect was numerical simulated under different distance between per-drainage hole and soft sub-layer. Moreover, the optimum hole arrangement of outburst elimination is given in the paper. The result of research shows that the macro-pore with aperture that is larger than 50,000 nm, is dominant at about 50% in hard coal, correspondingly, the micro-pore with aperture less than 100 nm accounts for about 41.23% in soft coal. The surface area of soft coal is 1.6 times as that of hard coal. The residual gas content in soft coal sub-layer is obviously more than it in hard coal sub-layer under the same pre-drainage condition. To 5.5 m-thick coal seams which top is a soft coal sub-layer of 0.5 m-thick, pre-drainage gas can eliminate danger of gas outburst in whole coal seam at the seam time after 455 days drainage when the per-drainage holes are 1.0 m distances from the soft coal sub-layer.     

铜、铅在车前草中的亚细胞分配

通过盆栽试验研究了四川荥经县宝贝凼(BBD)和泸县(LX)车前草在铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)单元素污染处理下叶片中Cu和Pb的亚细胞分布特征.结果表明,BBD车前草生物量和富集Cu、Pb的能力均明显高于LX.不同处理下,BBD车前草各亚细胞组分中Cu和Pb含量变化特征为细胞器最高,细胞壁次之,胞液最低;;LX车前草各亚细胞组分中Cu和Pb含量变化特征为细胞壁最高,细胞器次之,胞液最低.BBD和LX车前草亚细胞各组分Pb含量均高于Cu.细胞器是细胞最重要的光合作用和呼吸作用的场所,结合Cu、Pb的能力较强,细胞壁对进入植物体内的Cu和Pb有极强的束缚作用,这可能是车前草能够解毒的重要原因.     

Characteristic of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years,how to achieve higher removal efficiency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application.In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on the electron density,energy and the nitric oxide reduction process in plasma,the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution and the comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in the N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon,respectively.The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3πu→B3πg ) was compared in the wavelength range 300-480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined by the calculation based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines.The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma,thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased,and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N,O and O3.The results of NO reduction showed that the NO conversion efficiency increased in the range of 10%-30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive.This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

磁场强化曝气生物滤池处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

本研究采用普通陶粒、普通陶粒外加静态磁场（50 mT）和磁性陶粒（2.5 mT和5 mT）曝气生物滤池处理高浓度氨氮废水,对比研究了不同类型和强度的磁场强化下曝气生物滤池的硝化反硝化效果,并通过分子生物学手段系统分析了磁场强化硝化反硝化的微生物学机理.结果表明,随着氨氮浓度增加,磁场强化下曝气生物滤池硝化反硝化效果显著高于普通陶粒曝气生物滤池.当氨氮浓度提高到400 mg·L^-1时,磁场强化曝气生物滤池（磁性陶粒和外加静态磁场）的氨氮去除率大于97%,高于普通陶粒曝气生物滤池的氨氮去除率（88%）;磁场强度为2.5 mT的磁性陶粒曝气生物滤池的总氮去除率达到67%,显著高于其他3个曝气生物滤池（p<0.05）（分别为55%、54%和55%）.分子生物学检测结果表明,2.5 mT磁场强度的磁性陶粒上生物膜的硝化反硝化酶活性和功能基因丰度大幅提高,硝化反硝化细菌的丰度及多样性显著增加.     

高压注入和等压扩散条件下N2置换煤中CH4的研究

为探究注气置换抽采煤层瓦斯的效果,揭示注弱吸附性气体N2在等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下置换煤中CH4的机理,采用自行搭建的含瓦斯煤多元气体置换试验装置,开展等压扩散和高压注入2种条件下注N2置换煤中CH4的试验研究.研究结果表明:在注N2量相同的条件下,等压扩散置换量始终高于高压注气置换量,在等压扩散下N2置换CH4效...     

海峡两岸非正规聚落火灾现状分析研究

全球城镇化进程显著提高了人民的物质生活水平和城市基础设施。然而,南北半球区域性经济发展不平衡导致全球依然有10亿人居住在生活水平较低和消防防治水平十分落后的非正规聚落中。近些年,国内外非正规聚落火灾频繁发生,但是有关中国大陆和台湾地区非正规聚落的火灾研究却处于初步阶段。为加深对海峡两岸非正规聚落火灾的理解和认识,通过中国大陆和台湾地区学者的合作开展了调查研究,简要概述了两岸非正规聚落的房屋类型和火灾危险性;并调研总结了两岸非正规聚落现有的火灾研究现状;根据两岸非正规聚落的成因和形态,简要总结了其火灾风险和消防问题。研究发现：中国大陆的非正规聚落主要分为棚户区、城中村、群租房、临时住所和部分少数民族传统村落等;台湾地区的非正规聚落主要分为违章使用和既有合法建筑两种形态：违章使用多见于违法分租、铁皮加盖与违法使用(农地自行盖房舍),既有合法建筑主要包括三合院、四合院、古迹历史建筑物和原住民部落等。两岸非正规聚落的房屋类型和火灾隐患具有共性,亟需开展更多的科学研究。