基于时间维度的循环经济物质流特征研究

本文借助物质流分析原理和循环经济理论,引入时间维度,界定"物质流时滞"概念,在分析环境系统与经济系统之间物质流动界面的基础上,建立了中短期时间尺度下的循环经济物质流单循环模型,并利用模型中物质流之间的质量平衡关系对物质运动规律进行分析。在此基础上,对大时间尺度下的循环经济系统物质流总量特征与动态变化做出进一步的剖析,展示出在不同社会经济发展阶段内,资源投入量与废弃物排放量之间的匹配关系与变化规律。最终得出如下结论:通过对不同行业和产品物质流时滞的综合测算,形成政策性物质流时滞,制定相关经济政策,有效实现经济发展与环境保护的双重目标;物质输入量决定了一段时间后的废弃物排放量,必须长期坚持执行减量化原则;"非耐用产品"的物质流时滞较短,应强调再循环原则,"耐用产品"的物质流时滞较长,更应适用再利用原则;提高两个时点和两种内容的循环利用率,降低两个时点和两种内容的废弃物排放率。     

Evaluation of the efficiency of a Venturi scrubber in particulate matter collection smaller than 2.5 µm emitted by biomass burning

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy demand has increased worldwide, and biomass burning is one of the solutions most used by industries, especially in countries that have a great...     

Decoupling analysis of water consumption and economic development of arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China

The contradiction between China's economic development, its need for resources and the protection of the environment is ctitical. Scarce water resources have resulted in a considerable bottleneck restricting the economic development of water-deficient areas. An objective evaluation of the decoupling state of water consumption and economic development has become an important indicator of regional economic sustainable development. Based on panel data from 2000 to 2017 for six provinces in the arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method is employed to decompose the factors of the decoupling index and establish a decoupling relationship model between water consumption and economic development. The reasons that affect the decoupling state of water resource utilization and economic development are herein discussed, and the stability of the decoupling trend is analysed. Based on the overall regional trend, the decoupling state of the arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China improved from weak to strong, but the high decoupling stability index varied among the provinces. The intensity and structure were promotional factors for decoupling water consumption and economic development, and the contribution rate of the intensity factor was higher than that of the structure factor. Income and population were inhibiting factors for decoupling water consumption and economic development, and the contribution rate of the income factor was higher than that of the population factor. Based on these results, corresponding policy recommendations are provided.     

浅谈空气自动监测数据质量现状与处理方法

本文阐述了环境空气自动监测异常数据出现的形式,对数据质量现状进行统计,分析了异常监测数据产生的原因,提出了判断及处理方法,以保证监测数据的准确性、真实性、可靠性。     

Key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents in China

Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment. The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property. This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort, China has made significant progress in em...     

基于生态毒性的再生水补给河流氨氮控制目标研究

再生水补给河流是解决城市景观用水缺乏的重要途径,但是再生水中的氨氮,特别是游离氨对水生生物的毒害作用也不容忽视.针对再生水补给河流的典型场景,根据物种敏感度分布法(Species Sensitivity Distribution,SSD),计算得到游离氨的属急性毒性基准最大质量浓度(Criterion Maximum Concentration,CMC)为0.093 mg/L.以保护95％水生生物为目标的河水氨氮控制目标分别为4.37 mg/L(水温T≤12℃)和1.73 mg/L(水温T＞ 12℃).根据再生水补给河流的不同比例(体积比),计算再生水的氨氮控制目标.当河流上游来水分别满足地表水环境质量标准Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体要求和CMC值,再生水占混合后河水的比例为20％～100％且水温T＞ 12℃时,再生水氨氮控制目标分别为1.7～2.6 mg/L、0.6～1.7 mg/L和1.7 mg/L;当河流上游来水分别满足Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体要求,再生水占混合后河水的比例为50％～100％且水温T≤12℃时,再生水氨氮控制目标分别为4.4～7.2 mg/L和4.4～6.7 mg/L.当河水全部由再生水组成时,推荐再生水的氨氮控制目标为1.7 mg/L(水温T＞12℃)和4.4mg/L(水温T≤12℃).     

Study of aerosol characteristics and sources using MAX-DOAS measurement during haze at an urban site in the Fenwei Plain

Atmospheric aerosols have effects on atmospheric radiation assessments, global climate change, local air quality and visibility. In particular, aerosols are more likely transformed and accumulated in winter. In this paper, we used the Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument to study the characteristics of aerosol type and contributions of PM_2.5 chemical components to aerosol extinction (AE), vertical distribution of aerosols, and source. From December 30, 2018 to January 27, 2019, we conducted MAX-DOAS observations on Sanmenxia. The proportion of PM_2.5 to PM₁₀ was 69.48%–95.39%, indicating that the aerosol particles were mainly fine particles. By analyzing the ion data and modifying Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) method, we found that nitrate was the largest contributor to AE, accounting for 31.51%, 28.98%, and 27.95% of AE on heavily polluted, polluted, and clean days, respectively. NH₄⁺, OC, and SO₄^2? were also major contributors to AE. The near-surface aerosol extinction retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurement the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations measured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) have the same trend in vertical distribution. AE increased about 3 times from surface to 500 m. With the backward trajectory of the air mass during the haze, we also found that the continuous heavy pollution was mainly caused by transport of polluted air from the northeast, then followed by local industrial emissions and other sources of emissions under continuous and steady weather conditions.     

Presence of Aeromonas spp in water from drinking-water- and wastewater-treatment plants in Mexico City.

The frequency of Aeromonas spp in three wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) and two drinking-water plants (DWPs) in México City was determined. Samples were taken throughout a year by the Moore's swab technique. A total of 144 samples were obtained from WWTPs and 96 from DWPs of both incoming and outflowing water. Aeromonas spp was isolated in 31% of the samples, from both kinds of sources. The technique used for the isolation of the pathogen was suitable for samples with high associate microbiota content and for those with a scarce microbial content. The presence of mesophilic-aerobic, coliform, and fecal-coliform organisms was investigated to determine whether there was any correlation with the presence of Aeromonas spp. Most samples from WWTP, which did not comply with the Mexican standards, had the pathogen, and some of the samples from the outflow of the DWP, which were within the limits set by the Mexican standards, also had Aeromonas spp. Most samples containing Aeromonas spp. had concentrations below 0.1 ppm residual chlorine, and the strains were resistant to 0.3 ppm, which supports the recommendation to increase the residual chlorine concentration to 0.5 to 1.0 ppm, as recommended by the Mexican standards.     

煤岩体导热系数试验及单因子方差分析

为研究温度和含水量对煤、岩体导热系数的影响,采用激光闪射法测得8种煤、岩样品的导热特性参数;利用单因子方差分析方法对不同温度条件下的煤岩体导热系数测定结果进行比较分析,结果表明:煤岩体的导热系数随温度升高线性降低,随含水量增大而增大;岩石的导热系数大于煤体的导热系数,岩石的导热系数为1~5W/(m·K),煤的导热系数为0.1~0.5 W/(m·K);拟合得到不同煤体导热系数和温度的关系式,其拟合函数相关度在0.93左右,最大相对误差为2.18%。因此,可利用拟合函数和测试结果预测测试矿井的煤岩体导热系数。     

基于相依网络模型的扇区航空器分流方法研究

当某个扇区因突发状况而对航空器的管控力度不足时,需要对扇区内的航空器进行分流.依据空中航空器的冲突关系、管制员的移交关系及管制员对航空器的指挥关系构建管制-飞行状态相依网络模型.通过此模型,在综合考虑分流后管制员的负荷及对所有航空器管控难度的前提下设计优化目标,并采用粒子群算法求解找出最佳分流方案.该方案能够使分流后管制员负荷分布更加均匀,有效减少管制员因负荷过大而出现人为差错的安全风险;降低整体的管制难度,提高管制系统的可靠性和稳定性.