基于电化学阻抗的航空有机涂层加速老化动力学规律研究

目的研究有机涂层的加速老化动力学规律。方法针对某飞机实际服役环境条件特点,编制有机涂层加速老化试验谱,开展0~9 a的当量加速老化试验。借助PARSTAT 4000电化学工作站,测试老化试验后涂层试件的电化学阻抗值。结果得到了不同老化周期有机涂层的Bode图、等效电路、孔隙率、吸水率和电化学阻抗,表征了加速试验条件下的老化动力学规律。结论低频阻抗|Z|0.01可以作涂层防腐蚀性能的评价指标,涂层老化过程大致可分为初期、中期和后期三个阶段,分别对应三个不同等效电路。     

Carbon Footprint Analysis for Baby Strollers

Abstract

The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to their products or services. The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services. Specifically, this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050. A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated. Moreover, the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities. This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.     

Multistep conversion of cresols by phenol hydroxylase and 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase

A mulfistep conversion system composed of phenol hydroxylase （PHrND） and 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase （BphCLA_4） was used to synthesize methylcatechols and semialdehydes from o- and m-cresol for the first time. Docking studies displayed by PyMOL predicted that cresols and methylcatechols could be theoretically transformed by this multistep conversion system~ High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS） analysis also indicated that the products formed from multistep conversion were the corresponding 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 2- hydroxy-3-methyl-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoic acid （2- hydroxy-3-methyl-ODA） and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo- hexa-2,4-dienoic acid （2-hydroxy-5-methyl-ODA）. The optimal cell concentrations of the recombinant E. coli strain BL21 （DE3） expressing phenol hydroxylase （PHrND） and 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase （BphCLA_4） and pH for the multistep conversion of o- and m-cresol were 4.0 （g-L-1 cell dry weight） and pH 8.0, respectively. For the first step conversion, the formation rate of 3- methylcatechol （0.29μmol·L-1·min-1·mg-1cell dry weight） from o-cresol was similarly with that ofmethylca- techols （0.28 μmol·L-1·min-1·mg-1 cell dry weight） from m-cresol by strain PHrND. For the second step conversion, strain BphCLA_4 showed higher formation rate （0.83 μmol·L-1·min-1·mg-1 cell dry weight） for 2-hydroxy-3-methyl- ODA and 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-ODA from m-cresol, which was 1.1-fold higher than that for 2-hydroxy-3-methyl- ODA （0.77 μmol·L-1·min-1·mg-1. mglcell dry weight） from ocresol. The present study suggested the potential application of the multistep conversion system for the production of chemical synthons and high-value products.     

Recent expansion led to the lack of genetic structure of Sargassum aquifolium populations in Southeast Asia

Phylogeographical study of the brown macroalga, Sargassum aquifolium using nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2, plastidal RuBisCo spacer, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit-III revealed the populations in Southeast Asia to be homogeneous. On the other hand, genetic differences were detected between populations from Southeast Asia and western Pacific Islands/Guam, suggesting the presence of genetic break between these regions. This further suggests that populations of S. aquifolium may have survived east of Sunda Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum and recent recolonization led to homogeneity of the populations in the Sunda Shelf region. Recolonization could be facilitated by year-round reproduction of the populations and dispersal of germlings on floating thalli by coastal currents. Restricted current flow across Maluku Sea and directional equatorial current flows could have isolated the Pacific Island and Guam populations from those of Southeast Asia. Our results support the presence of multiple refugia as the source of different lineages of S. aquifolium populations with a lack of secondary contact in the post-glacial dispersal between Southeast Asia and western Pacific as the mechanisms behind the phylogeographical patterns observed.     

Patch use and vigilance by sympatric lemmings in predator and competitor-driven landscapes of fear

Prey living in risky environments can adopt a variety of behavioral tactics to reduce predation risk. In systems where predators regulate prey abundance, it is reasonable to assume that differential patterns of habitat use by prey species represent adaptive responses to spatial variation in predation. However, patterns of habitat use also reflect interspecific competition over habitat. Collared (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) and brown (Lemmus trimucronatus) lemmings represent such a system and possess distinct upland tundra versus mesic meadow habitat preferences consistent with interspecific competition. Yet, we do not know whether this habitat preference might also reflect differences in predation risk or whether the two species differ in their behavioral tactics used to avoid predation. We performed experiments where we manipulated putative predation risk perceived by lemmings by increasing protective cover in upland and meadow habitats while we recorded lemming activity and behavior. Both lemming species preferentially used cover more than open patches, but Dicrostonyx was more vigilant than Lemmus. Both species also constrained their activity to protective patches in upland and meadow habitats, but during different periods of the day. Use of cover and vigilance were independent of habitat, suggesting that both species live in a fearsome but flattened landscape of fear at Walker Bay (Nunavut, Canada), and that their habitat preference is a consequence of competition rather than predation risk. Future studies aiming to map the contours of fear in multi-prey–predator systems should consider how predation and competition interact to modify prey species’ habitat preference, patch use, and vigilance.     

某典型废弃硫酸场地土壤重金属污染特征与评价

硫酸生产场地可能存在严重的土壤重金属污染,调查并分析硫酸场地土壤重金属污染及迁移规律是其安全利用的基础.本研究以某废弃硫酸场地为例,采集0-3 m深度范围的土壤样品,测定其中的Pb、Cd、Cu、Ni、As、Hg含量,分析重金属的空间分布特征、来源及迁移行为,并对其进行内梅罗综合污染指数和潜在生态风险指数评价.结果 表明...     

城市污水处理厂提高污泥浓度的理论与实践

在城市污水处理厂运行中,通过提高污泥回流比实现提高污泥浓度是有限的.分点进水高效脱氮除磷(ECOSUN-IDE)工艺改变了传统的进水方式,在活性污泥系统中进行分点进水,大幅度提高了污泥浓度,从而改进了城市污水处理厂脱氮除磷效率.     

大气等离子和超音速火焰喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层组织和性能对比

目的 针对航空发动机叶片榫头/榫槽摩擦副工作中的微动磨损问题,开展CoCrAlYSi-hBN抗微动磨损涂层研究.方法 通过大气等离子(APS)和超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺,制备CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究涂层的形貌和微观组织,采用显微硬度计和拉伸试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,采用...     

绿色管理在榆林气田的实践和应用

作为一种全新的管理理念和模式,绿色管理已成为现代企业管理的重要组成部分。多年来,中国石油长庆油田公司第二采气厂以实现"科技、绿色、和谐"大气田为目标,在气田建设生产过程中始终坚持"保护环境、创造和谐"的环境保护方针,通过学习先进环境管理经验,实施和推行绿色管理,并不断探索和创新,环境保护工作取得了良好的绩效。     

半透膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术应用现状综述

膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术是近年来有机质好氧处理方式的研究热点,该技术主要由膜覆盖系统、微压送风系统和控制系统组成.膜盖层是由两层高品质抗紫外线布层和一层聚四氟乙烯半透膜组成的3层材料,具有耐水透气的优点,既能阻隔外界环境使堆体不受雨雪天气影响,又能减少臭气的挥发,使堆体达到封闭发酵的环境条件.本文介绍了膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术的特点及优缺点,阐述了国内外膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术的研究进展和应用现状,分析了我国在膜覆盖好氧堆肥技术领域研究的不足之处,并指出未来应加深对堆肥全过程的工艺过程控制研究,拓展膜覆盖的应用范围,用于畜禽粪便、餐厨垃圾等其它有机垃圾处理领域.