Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been regarded as an emerging problem in the surface water environment in the past few decades. In China, although related studies were initiated several years ago, an increasing number of studies on this topic have been conducted in recent years. These studies have expanded knowledge of their occurrence, behavior and associated risk in the surface water environment in China. This review compiles the most recent literature related to the studies of PPCPs in the surface water environment in China. It includes PPCP occurrence in surface water and sediments, their geographical distribution, and outcomes of the associated risk assessment. It shows that antibiotics have received much more attention in both surface water and sediments than other PPCPs. Compared to other countries; most antibiotics in the collected sediments in China showed higher contamination levels. Many more study areas have been covered in recent years; however, attention has been given to only specific areas. Environmental risk assessment based on risk quotients indicated that sulfamethoxazole presents the most significant environmental risk to relevant aquatic organisms; followed by ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, 17α-ethynylestradiol, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Despite limited research on the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs in sediments, higher risks posed by PPCPs in the sediments rather than surface water were identified highlighting the need for further risk assessment of PPCPs in sediment samples.
Six different environmental samples were applied to enrich microbial consortia for efficient degradation of corn stalk,under the thermophilic and mesophilic conditions.The consortium obtained from anaerobic digested sludge under thermophilic condition(TC-Y)had the highest lignocellulose-degrading activity.The CO_2yield was 246.73 m L/g VS in23 days,meanwhile,the maximum CO_2production rate was 15.48 mL/(CO_2·d),which was28.75%and 52.27%higher than that under mesophilic condition,respectively.The peak value of cellulase activity reached 0.105 U/mL,which was at least 34.61%higher than the other groups.In addition,49.5%of corn stalk was degraded in 20 days,moreover,the degradation ratio of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin can reach 52.76%,62.45%and42.23%,respectively.Microbial consortium structure analysis indicated that the TC-Y contained the phylum of Gemmatimonadetes,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Planctomycetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria.Furthermore,the Pseudoxanthomonas belonging to GammaProteobacteria might be the key bacterial group for the lignocellulose degradation.These results indicated the capability of degrading un-pretreated corn stalk and the potential for further investigation and application of TC-Y. 相似文献
