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961.
Menghong Hu Youji Wang Sau Ting Tsang Siu Gin Cheung Paul K. S. Shin 《Marine Biology》2011,158(7):1591-1600
Energy budget is one of the most studied parameters in aquatic animals under environmental challenge. To examine how prolonged
starvation would affect their energy budget, respiration rate (RR), ammonia excretion rate (ER), oxygen consumption to ammonia–nitrogen
excretion (O:N) ratio and scope for growth (SfG) representing the balance between energy intake and metabolic output, two
Asian horseshoe crab species, Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, were investigated in two feeding regimes (fed and starved) over a period of 7 weeks. No significant effects of species and
time course, as well as their interaction, on absorption efficiency were observed in the fed treatments. For both species,
RR and ER of the starved treatments significantly decreased, while their O:N ratio significantly increased during the experiment.
However, such values for the fed treatments remained relatively stable over the study period. A rapid reduction in SfG was
only apparent in the first week of the starved treatments for both species; thereafter, their SfG remained relatively constant.
In the fed treatments, SfG of T. tridentatus was significantly lower than that of C. rotundicauda throughout the experiment. In general, C. rotundicauda showed a greater decrease in SfG under starvation than T. tridentatus, suggesting that they may have a more competitive life-history strategy for adjusting to poor nutritional conditions. 相似文献
962.
耐高温酵母高浓度发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用两水平部分因子设计(23Fractional Factorial),选取发酵温度、接种量、初始糖浓度为自变量考察因素,以最终发酵乙醇浓度和9 h生物量浓度为响应值,考察耐高温高浓度酵母的燃料乙醇发酵能力,并对实验数据进行二次模型变异分析(Ahalysis of variance,ANOVA),建立了三元二次方程数学... 相似文献
963.
2008年8月,选择具有代表性的样地(受冰雪灾害较轻、受到冰雪灾害影响、受到冰雪灾害后皆伐清理样地),用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对广东省天井山林场杉木人工林土壤理化性质进行分析。结果表明:(1)粤北地区杉木人工林在受到冰雪灾害后,0-60 cm的土壤容重比未受到损害的上升8.1%-16.4%,孔隙度下降8.9%-11.9%,自然含水量减少17.1%-28.6%,皆伐清理后,土壤容重比未受到损害的下降1.5%~9.5%;孔隙度上升1.2%~5.9%,自然含水量增加44.2%~68.1%。(2)受损后,土壤pH值未发生变化,浅层(0-40 cm)有机质质量分数比未损样地下降(1.3%-9.4%),深层(〉40 cm)有机质质量分数提高30.5%;各层土壤全氮、全磷、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾质量分数分别下降13.4%、30.3%、16.7%、37.6%和37.2%,全钾质量分数上升21.0%,且与未损样地的差异显著;土壤交换性钙和交换性镁大幅减少,分别为28.1%和43.4%。进行皆伐清理后,有机质质量分数比未损样地提高207.9%,土壤全氮、全钾、有效氮和有效磷质量分数升高138.7%、10.2%、161.3%和540.0%,全磷、有效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁的质量分数下降2.6%、9.0%、28.7%和24.3%,各土层变化不一致。(3)冰雪灾害的发生使杉木人工林林下土壤紧实度增加,不利于土壤呼吸、空气传导和土壤养分的累积;而经过清理后,土壤变得较为疏松,通透性增强,含水量增加,有利于土壤团粒结构的增强、土壤微生物活动和土壤养分的累积及转化。因此,冰雪灾害后对受损林地进行及时的清理对植被恢复重建尤为重要。 相似文献
964.
Anping Zhang Xuemei Xie Jing Ye Chunmian Lin Xiaoyan Hu 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):369-373
In recent years, the stereoselective toxicity of chiral organophosphorus pesticides has received increasing attention from
environmental toxicology scientists. In an attempt to explore the stereoselective effects of chiral organophosphorus pesticides
on non-target organisms and enzymes, this work investigated the stereoselective toxicity and inhibition of malathion, malaoxon
and isomalathion on Daphnia magna and on acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase extracted from wheat flour, respectively. Toxicity differences were observed between
the two enantiomers of malathion and malaoxon and among the four stereoisomers of isomalathion in the LC50 values on D. magna and the IC50 values on acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase. Enantiomers with (R)-configuration in all the tested compounds showed
higher toxicity to D. magna than their (S)-forms and racemic forms. Racemic malaoxon and isomalathion showed the strongest inhibition on acid α-naphthyl
acetate esterase compared to their respective enantiomers and stereoisomers. 相似文献
965.
966.
967.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in effluents from wastewater treatment plants and receiving streams in Tianjin, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Weixiao Qi Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu Chengzhi Hu Huachun Lan Michael Berg Huimin Ren Wei Xu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):467-480
Surface water, suspended particulate matter, pore water, and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Yongding New River, South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal, which receive most of wastewater from industrial city of Tianjin. PAH concentrations in effluent samples of wastewater treatment plants (WTP) discharging into the South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal were quantified for the first time. The results showed that the discharge of the WTPs recently only contributed to the PAH contamination in the canals near the outlets of the WTPs. PAH levels in sediments of the streams were greatly higher than those in soils by riverbank probably due to receiving large amounts of untreated wastewater. Unusually high benz[a] anthracene concentration strongly influenced the seasonal and spatial variation of total PAH concentrations in South Drainage Canal. Paired samples t test of ??Nap, Fl, Phe, Fluo and ??Nap, Phe, Fluo, Chry concentrations, which were dominant components in the air samples from non-heating and heating season, respectively, in the suspended particulate matters from the streams showed that PAH source from air deposition was more important for Yongding New River than that for South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal. Source apportionment based on PAH profiles indicated that coal combustion was the major PAH contamination source, and coke oven sources and wood combustion also contributed to the PAH contamination of the streams. This was further indicated by organic petrography analysis. 相似文献
968.
969.
为减少化工事故频发造成严重人员伤亡及财产损失,在分析危化品泄漏事故类型的基础上,从事故发生概率和事故后果两方面提出危化品泄漏事故风险评估模型.以中毒事故为例,对重庆长寿化工园区内某企业一液氨储罐进行风险评估.基于概率模型计算中毒事故概率,结果表明该储罐发生泄漏引起中毒的概率较小;数值模拟结果显示:影响范围随时间的增加而... 相似文献
970.
综合交通枢纽运营安全集成管理机制的构建 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为提高综合交通枢纽(ITH)运营安全管理的效率和效果,从脆弱性的角度,分析综合交通枢纽运营安全事故的机理和运营安全管理的特性,构建综合交通枢纽运营安全集成管理机制。该机制以安全信息、安全组织和安全资源的协调、集成和优化为核心,包含干扰监测、威胁预警、漏洞修复、事故控制、鲁棒性提升和应急与恢复等实施机制。建立包含管理措施和技术手段的支撑体系。研究表明:脆弱性是综合交通枢纽运营安全事故发生的根源;该机制以脆弱性为突破口,通过若干管理措施和技术手段,能够实现综合交通枢纽运营安全的全要素、全过程和全资源的集成管理。 相似文献