腈菌唑手性单体对雄性丽斑麻蜥肝脏代谢功能的影响

腈菌唑(MT)是一种应用广泛的手性杀菌剂,其手性对映体为(+)-腈菌唑(MT1)和(-)-腈菌唑(MT2)。为评估腈菌唑单体暴露对丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)肝脏代谢功能的毒性影响,研究了MT1(5 mg·kg~(-1))和MT2(5 mg·kg~(-1))暴露28 d下蜥蜴体重、肝组织病理学和代谢相关基因表达的变化。结果显示,MT1暴露组的蜥蜴体重在28 d时出现显著下降。在MT1和MT2暴露后,蜥蜴的肝组织均出现了不同程度的病理学变化。在MT1暴露下,基因CYP1A1、CYP2D6、CYP3A4、CYP3A7和CYP2D3的表达水平未发生显著变化,而基因CYP2C8A的表达显著上调。在MT2暴露下,基因CYP3A4、CYP3A7和CYP2D3的表达未发生明显变化;基因CYP1A1和CYP2C8的表达显著下调;基因CYP2D6的表达显著上调。不同腈菌唑单体对蜥蜴体重、肝组织病理学以及代谢相关基因的表达影响不同,具有一定的对映选择性。     

Carbon dioxide and methane emission from subsurface peatlands and its controlling factors北大核心CSCD

Peatland is an efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) sink on the continent and plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Climate change and human activities, two of the notable global environmental issues, have accelerated the degradation of peatlands during recent years. Global warming will increase the rate of aerobic decomposition in the surface of peatlands. Carbon stored in the subsurface of peatlands will be metabolized if the climatic conditions become favorable for decomposition. This study reviewed the carbon circle of subsurface peatland in natural environment and in environments disturbed by human activity or climate change. Furthermore, the major factors (environmental and human factors) that affect the carbon cycle were also discussed. According to a previous study, subsurface peatland will rapidly participate in the carbon cycle when the peatland is degraded. Water level, vegetation, and temperature were the main natural factors affecting the carbon cycle, whereas drainage, farming, and grazing were the main anthropogenic factors. Further studies should focus on different soil layer carbon dynamics, inorganic carbon content, and conservation and restoration of peatlands. The study methods should be a combination of macro with micro scale and focus on developing deep peat research techniques. Most of the previous studies focused on greenhouse gas emission and their response factors in short-term experiments. Thus, the mechanism and process of subsurface carbon are not clear and needs further study. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Electrochemical determination of anaerobic microbial decay coefficients

The biokinetics of attached and suspended bacteria are an essential component of activated sludge models, anaerobic digestion models and biofilm models. These parameters are often assumed or “confirmed” based on the goodness-of-fit of the bioprocess models. Using a microbial fuel cell with a baffled reactor chamber, the attached- and mixed-growth microbial decay coefficients were evaluated under anaerobic conditions. The capability for real-time voltage recording allows easy and accurate measurement of the anaerobic microbial decay coefficients (b_L, lysis-regrowth approach), which were determined to be 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.15 ± 0.01 d⁻¹ for attached (to anode) and mixed (present in the anode chamber) growth microorganisms, respectively. The corresponding half-saturation constants using glucose as a substrate were 204 ± 10 and 123 ± 1 mg COD l⁻¹. Hence, like an oxygen uptake rate-based approach to measure the microbial kinetics under aerobic conditions, the electrochemical recording provides an attractive method to measure anaerobic microbial decay coefficients.     

水力负荷对厌氧氨氧化反应器运行影响的研究

采用一套有效容积为4.46 L的UASB-ANAMMOX反应器,通过对水力负荷进行3个阶段的调节,研究水力停留时间对ANAMMOX反应器处理效果的影响.3个阶段的水力负荷分别为0.20～0.25、0.38～0.43、0.16～0.20 L/(Ld).在试验过程中,水力负荷的冲击对NH 4-N、NO-2-N的去除率影响明显.其中水力负荷为0.20～0.25 L/(L·d)时,NH 4-N、NO-2-N去除率都能达到99%以上;当水力负荷为0.38～0.43 L/(L·d)时,NH 4-N、NO-2-N去除率分别降至64%和62%;当水力负荷为0.16～0.20 L/(L·d)时,NH 4-N、NO-2-N去除率立刻分别回升至94%和97%.ANAMMOX反应过程中,NO-2-N和NH 4-N的去除量比值基本在1.3∶1.0左右变化,ANAMMOX反应的优势菌种代谢在运行过程中会将一部分NO-2-N转化为NO-3-N,水力负荷的改变对NO-3-N的出水浓度影响不大;但NO-3-N日生成量与水力负荷的大小成正比.试验表明,UASB-ANAMMOX反应器对水力负荷冲击有较强的抵抗力,但是仍会造成一定量的ANAMMOX反应的优势菌流失,使该反应器在短时间内不能恢复最佳的去除效果.     

家用洗衣粉中磷对斜生栅藻生长的影响

以洗衣粉中的有机磷为磷源,通过室内模拟的方法研究在不同磷浓度的水体条件下斜生栅藻的生长情况,以及磷对斜生栅藻的生长是否有毒害作用.通过显微计数测定藻细胞数目来探讨洗衣粉中磷对斜生栅藻生长的影响;同时分析了洗衣粉中磷对斜生栅藻96 h生长期中光合色素的影响.结果表明,洗衣粉中的磷除了促进藻生长外,其浓度过低或过高都会抑制藻的生长.由实验结果可得,磷对藻生长的富营养化作用和毒性作用取决于磷浓度的高低.     

氧化镁基催化剂及脱硝性能研究

为控制燃烧烟气中NOx的污染,对共混合方法制备的氧化镁基催化剂进行烟气直接催化分解法脱硝实验研究,分析模拟烟气脱硝塔内温度及床层高度及氧气浓度、NO浓度和空速对脱硝效率的影响.研究表明:氧化镁基催化剂可以采用直接催化分解法对烟气脱硝,脱硝率85%～95%,氧化镁基催化吸附剂组成为氧化镁、固化剂、添加剂;脱硝的床层高度4～5 cm,脱硝反应温度130～170℃,烟气空速2 500～3 000 h-1;研究推测出氧化镁基催化剂存在活性缺陷,并对脱硝机理进行了初步分析.     

超临界CO2回收线路板工艺研究

采用正交试验设计进行了超临界CO₂回收废弃印刷线路板的实验。以温度、压强、时间和夹带剂为实验因素,通过对实验前后样本在重量、厚度、弯曲强度和断裂强度四方面变化的分析考察了各实验因素对实验效果的影响。实验结果表明,影响超临界CO₂法回收印刷线路板的最主要因素为温度、时间和夹带剂,超临界CO₂法回收废弃印刷线路板的最佳工艺条件：温度270℃,压强大于7.38 MPa,时间3 h,夹带剂(水)160 mL。实验进一步验证了压强对实验结果的非显著性影响。     

不同加碱量下爆破制浆的源强试验研究

为了解爆破制浆的排污情况和废水处理的可行性,以烧碱和石灰作投加药剂,进行了不同加碱量条件下爆破制浆产生源强的试验研究,以确定最佳的加碱量和适宜的黑液提取率.研究表明,在加碱量相同的情况下,采用常规爆破浆样,浆样性能较好;在保持吨粗干浆产生的COD一致时,投加价格低廉的石灰,既能降低生产成本,又便于后续的废水处理;工程调试运行结果表明,控制吨粗干浆的石灰投加量为25～30 kg时,黑液提取率超过80%,最终出水COD<100 mg/L.     

应用活性炭再生含多环芳烃植物油的可行性及性能评价

为利用植物油去除污染土壤中的多环芳烃,研究了应用活性炭F400吸附柱再生含多环芳烃植物油的可行性,对含高浓度多环芳烃的植物油进行二级再生处理,优化了过程参数,比较了原植物油和经活性炭再生的植物油去除土壤中多环芳烃能力的差别.结果表明,活性炭吸附法可以实现含多环芳烃植物油的再生,证明了修复策略的可行性.二级处理可以进一步吸附植物油中的多环芳烃,且高分子量多环芳烃几乎完全被去除.再生植物油和原植物油去除土壤中多环芳烃的能力没有明显差别.     

Antioxidative response to Cd in a newly discovered cadmium hyperaccumulator, Arabis paniculata F

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of cadmium (Cd) on growth, Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidative enzymes in leaves and roots of Arabis paniculata F., a new Cd hyperaccumuator found in China. The results showed that 22-89 microM Cd in solution enhanced the growth of A. paniculata after three weeks, with 21-27% biomass increase compared to the control. Cd concentrations in shoots and roots increased with increasing Cd supply levels, and reached a maximum of 1662 and 8670 mg kg(-1) Cd dry weight at 178 microM Cd treatment, respectively. In roots, 22-89 microM Cd reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide (O(2)(-1)) and H(2)O(2) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). In leaves, the contents of MDA, O(2)(-1) and H(2)O(2) remained unaffected by 22-89 microM Cd, while 178 microM Cd treatment significantly increased the MDA content, 69.5% higher than that of the control; generally, the activities of SOD, catalase (CAT), GPX and APX showed an increasing pattern with increasing Cd supply levels. Our present work concluded that A. paniculata has a great capability of Cd tolerance and accumulation. Moderate Cd treatment (22-89 microM Cd) alleviated the oxidative stress in roots, while higher level of Cd addition (178 microM) could cause an increasing generation of ROS, which was effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system.