Bio-F生物吸附剂对水中铁锰的去除与特性

以Bio-F（Bio-F生物吸附剂）为材料,研究其对水中Fe2+和Mn2+的去除能力与特性. 结果表明,Bio-F可同时去除水中Fe2+和Mn2+且吸附过程符合Lagergren一级动力学模型. Langmuir吸附等温线能较好地描述Bio-F吸附Fe2+和Mn2+的过程,表现为单分子层化学优惠吸附,其对Fe2+和Mn2+的最大饱和吸附量分别达491和380 mgg. Bio-F对Fe2+和Mn2+的吸附为吸热反应且在pH 6~7范围内可保持86％以上吸附能力(P>005). 较高的c(Ca2+)和c(Mg2+)可明显抑制Bio-F去除Fe2+和Mn2+的能力（P<005),但高c(PO₄3-)则可促进该吸附过程（P>005). Bio-F经10次再生后对Fe2+和Mn2+的去除率分别达9727%和9467%. Bio-F无毒安全,采用Bio-F处理高铁锰饮用水具有应用潜力.      

Space view of the decadal variation for typical air pollutants in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most industrialized, urbanized and populated regions in China, and thus has been long suffering from severe air pollutions. Space data provide a unique perspective for investigating the atmospheric environment at a regional scale. By utilizing multiple satellite retrievals from 2005 to 2013, this study presented, for the first time, the spatial patterns and temporal trends of typical air pollutants over PRD and its vicinity. As viewed from space, aerosol optical depth (AOD), NO₂ and SO₂ all had their higher values at the central part of PRD, and showed clear descending gradients as moving to the outskirt of this region. As to the inter-annual variation, all these pollutants had decreasing trends in PRD during the study period, which generally agreed with the relevant in situ measurements. However, the satellite retrievals differed from ground measurements when addressing NO₂ and SO₂ in the vicinity of PRD. This work also provides the inter-comparison among PRD and three other metropolitan clusters in China: PRD had relatively high AOD, moderate NO₂ and low SO₂ levels, and it was the only region achieving the effective reduction of NO₂ and SO₂ during last decade. Unlike the previous three pollutants, HCHO observed by satellite showed very special patterns: it had a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution over both of PRD and its vicinity, and presented an opposite increasing trend from 2005 to 2010. Moreover, PRD had the highest HCHO level among all the metropolitan clusters, hinting a considerable contribution of biogenic origins of HCHO in PRD.

Open image in new window

     

Effects of land use on water quality of two high-altitude lakes and catchments in Yunnan Province,China

SUMMARY

Reclaiming farmland from lakes in China in the 1950s damaged the water quality of many lakes. Tremendous efforts have been made since the late 1990s to restore vegetation around the damaged lakes. This paper examines water quality of Fuxian and Qilu Lakes and land-use characteristics within the two catchments in the high-altitude area of Yunnan Province, China. Landsat TM data acquired in 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2005 were used to extract land use and land cover (LULC) information. Measurements of five water quality indices (WQIs), BOD, COD, pH, TN and TP, for the same period of time were examined. The results showed that the area of residential and forest/shrub increased, whereas that of cropland and barren land decreased from 1989 to 2005 in both catchments. Qilu Lake was much more polluted than Fuxian Lake, and pollution worsened over time for both lakes. The differences in water quality between the two lakes were caused by differences in LULC composition and continued degradation in water quality was caused by intensive farming and urban sprawl. Unless the landscape is converted back to its pre-1950 composition and structure, water quality in both lakes cannot be significantly improved and will continue to threaten sustainable development in the region.     

In Vivo Observation of Lidocaine-Encapsulated Polymyxin/Glycol Nanoparticles Wound Dressing for the Treatment and Care of Abdominal Pain Incision in Intensive Care Unit

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The developments of lidocaine chloride loaded nanoparticles are encouraging biomaterials, which could be used for wound healing applications for abdominal...     

HCR处理环氧树脂废水的中试

对某化工厂的高浓度环氧树脂废水进行HCR中试研究。当进水COD容积负荷为7.5~12 kg/(m3.d)时,COD的去除率达85%。结果证明HCR反应系统处理效率高,抗负荷冲击性能强,系统运行稳定。     

六溴环十二烷(HBCD)对H4细胞和SK-N-AS细胞脱碘酶2和3表达的影响

六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)与多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diethyl ethers,PBDEs)复合污染体系,对人类健康尤其神经系统所造成的潜在危害及其机制一直是笔者课题组的研究方向。HBCD是广泛使用的溴化阻燃剂,与PBDEs一样,会通过干扰内分泌系统、影响甲状腺激素分泌及损伤神经系统,对生物体产生发育神经毒性。作为系列研究之一,本研究以H4人脑神经胶质瘤细胞和SK-N-AS人神经母细胞瘤细胞为体外生物模型,通过观察HBCD对H4细胞Ⅱ型脱碘酶(Dio2)和SK-N-AS细胞Ⅲ型脱碘酶(Dio3)表达的调控,初步探讨了HBCD对神经系统局部甲状腺激素水平的潜在影响。H4细胞和SK-N-AS细胞分别暴露于0、1、3和9μmol·L-1HBCD 24 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞活力,Western Blot和RT-PCR法分别分析Dio2和Dio3蛋白和基因的表达,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测H4细胞脑源性神经细胞营养因子(BDNF)的分泌。结果表明,HBCD以剂量依赖方式降低H4细胞和SK-N-AS细胞生存率,引起H4细胞Dio2蛋白和基因表达下调,而致SK-N-AS细胞Dio3蛋白和基因表达上调。此外,HBCD还降低H4细胞BDNF的分泌。这表明,HBCD很可能通过影响神经和胶质细胞脱碘酶的表达,影响脑局部甲状腺激素水平,从而引起神经系统损伤及发育神经毒性。     

冷冻胁迫对芦荟叶肉细胞原生质体中Ca2+、Na+分布的影响

低温和冻害是造成巨大农业损失和植物死亡的主要逆境因子。为揭示冷冻胁迫对植物细胞中离子分布的影响,选择芦荟细胞原生质体为受试材料,使用离子选择性微电极检测了经冷冻处理后的芦荟原生质体在低渗液中破裂时产生的Ca~(2+)浓度脉冲信号,并同时检测Na~+浓度脉冲信号作为对比。研究了冷冻温度、解冻时间和ZnO NPs处理等因素对冷冻胁迫下芦荟原生质体中Ca~(2+)分布的影响。结果表明,与未经冷冻处理的原生质体相对比,经过冷冻处理的原生质体破裂后,其Ca~(2+)脉冲信号前沿处发生明显的"凹陷",这说明,原生质体中Ca~(2+)分布出现分层现象,靠近细胞中心浓度较高而细胞膜附近浓度较低。这一分层现象在温度为-7℃时开始出现,原生质体解冻5 h后仍未消失。经过ZnO NPs预处理后再进行冷冻的原生质体,其Ca~(2+)脉冲凹陷深度明显减小。而当用ZnO NPs处理解冻后的原生质体时,其Ca~(2+)分层现象消失。冷冻胁迫下芦荟原生质体内Ca~(2+)分布发生显著变化,表明原生质体内Ca~(2+)分布变化与其抗寒反应存在一定关系。与Ca~(2+)相反,Na~+的分布几乎不受冷冻因素的影响。ZnO NPs处理对冷冻芦荟原生质体中Ca~(2+)浓度分布分层有明显的缓解作用,表明一定浓度范围的ZnO NPs在缓解冷冻造成的Ca~(2+)流动性下降,维持细胞Ca~(2+)分布的调控能力方面,具有一定的积极影响。     

十溴联苯醚(BDE 209)暴露对孕期大鼠和胎鼠甲状腺激素干扰效应研究

为探讨孕期十溴联苯醚(BDE 209)暴露对孕期羊水和胎鼠循环甲状腺激素(TH)的影响及其对胎脑发育的损害作用,将24只Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为对照组、BDE 209低剂量组(100 mg·kg-1 bw)和高剂量组(300 mg·kg-1 bw),与雄鼠合笼,经阴道涂片确认受孕后,在孕1 d给予BDE 209经口持续灌胃染毒至孕15 d(GD15)和孕20 d(GD20).在GD15和GD20这2个时间点麻醉母鼠后剥离胎鼠称取体质量;应用酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)检测GD15、GD20羊水及GD20胎鼠循环TH水平,包括总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平;应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测胎脑促甲状激素释放激素(thyrotropin-releasing hormone,Trh)基因相对表达;应用苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)观察GD20胎脑形态学改变.结果表明:(1)高剂量BDE 209可引起胎鼠体质量异常改变.(2)BDE 209可引起孕期羊水和孕后期胎鼠循环TH水平紊乱,表现为GD15时,BDE 209可引起羊水FT3下降、TT4和TSH增高,但未见统计学意义;低、高剂量BDE 209均可引起羊水FT4水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且具有剂量依赖性.GD20时,与GD15相比,对照组羊水TH水平有所变化,FT3和TT4水平均明显增高,而TSH水平有所降低;低、高剂量BDE 209引起FT3显著降低(P<0.05),FT4在高剂量组升高(P<0.05);低、高剂量BDE 209引起TSH水平显著升高(P<0.05).GD20时,胎鼠血清TH变化与同时期羊水中的基本一致,BDE 209可致胎鼠血清FT3和TT4下降,虽然没有显著性差异,胎鼠血清TSH水平增高,尤其在高剂量组(P<0.05).(3)BDE 209可导致孕育中胎脑Trh基因表达下调(P<0.05),并随着孕期进程而加重.(4)病理学观察发现BDE 209可引起孕末期胎鼠脑细胞结构发生变化,使细胞数量减少,脑组织出现萎缩.综上,孕期BDE 209暴露可影响胚胎大鼠生长发育;引起羊水TH水平紊乱、胚胎大鼠循环TH水平紊乱以及胚胎脑组织Trh基因表达抑制,导致脑组织结构产生病理改变.这些可能是BDE 209致子代发育神经毒性的病理基础.     

黑臭水净化菌株的筛选及其水质改善能力

生活污水的过度排放引起的水体黑臭是一个亟待解决的环境问题.为建立黑臭水的微生物净化方法,从不同重污染水体或底泥中筛选获得了多种光合细菌,分析发现其中10种光合细菌(P1～P10)及其混合菌(Pm)对黑臭指标有改善效果.黑臭水厌氧光照净化试验结果表明,菌液投加量为1.0%,3 d后光合细菌P1,P2,P3,P4,P8,P9和Pm对人工黑臭水COD_Cr,NH₃-N,S2-,色阈值及臭阈值去除率分别为75.00%～ 82.00%,24.20%～27.97%,72.03%～87.89%,58.90%～69.08%和75.29%～87.89%,其中P9的效果最好.黑臭水兼性厌氧光照净化试验结果表明,菌液投加量为1.0%,3 d后光合细菌P2,P3,P4,P8,P9和Pm对人工黑臭水中的COD_Cr,NH₃-N,S2-,色阈值及臭阈值去除率分别为60.67%～79.92%,35.92%～40.16%,72.03%～82.93%,58.25%～66.55%和75.29%～85.09%,　ρ(DO)由0.54 mg/L增至1.80～2.63 mg/L,其中P2和P9的效果最好.经鉴定P9为沼泽红假单胞菌.研究发现,在菌液投加量为0.1%,30 ℃,厌氧光照条件下P9可明显改善水的黑臭指标.      

β—蒎烯与臭氧的大气化学行为的初步实验室模拟研究

使用长光程傅里叶变换红外光谱系统对β－蒎烯与臭氧的大气化学行为进行初步的实验室模拟研究,测定了β－蒎烯及其与臭氧氧化反应的主要产物不蒎酮的气态红外谱图, 特征峰的红外吸光系数。