土壤中水溶氟与总氟和土壤PH值的相关分析

使用实测资料，利用数理统计方法分析了土壤中水溶氟与总氟和土壤ＰＨ值三者间的相关关系，提出了在背景地区，土壤水溶氟与总氟、土壤ＰＨ值间无相关性；与土壤ＰＨ值间无相关性的结论。     

铝土矿钪的地球化学特征

论述了贵州下石炭统祥摆组 (黔中九架炉组 )铝土矿钪来源与演化、钪地球化学特征和钪与稀土元素的相关性。铝土矿的稀土模式及某些参数与震旦系南沱组粘土岩和陡山沱组白云岩具一致性表明 ,铝土矿的钪与稀土元素可能来自早期的粘土岩和碳酸盐岩类。最后 ,根据硫同位素组成和Eh -pH图解 ,讨论了铝土矿 (Sc)矿床的形成条件。     

水源热泵空调系统的水质处理技术

针对影响水源热泵系统运行效能的地下水水质和回灌过程中井堵塞的问题,提出相应的水质处理方法和水源热泵用地下水水质参考标准.     

Bio-drying and size sorting of municipal solid waste with high water content for improving energy recovery

Bio-drying can enhance the sortability and heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW), consequently improving energy recovery. Bio-drying followed by size sorting was adopted for MSW with high water content to improve its combustibility and reduce potential environmental pollution during the follow-up incineration. The effects of bio-drying and waste particle size on heating values, acid gas and heavy metal emission potential were investigated. The results show that, the water content of MSW decreased from 73.0% to 48.3% after bio-drying, whereas its lower heating value (LHV) increased by 157%. The heavy metal concentrations increased by around 60% due to the loss of dry materials mainly resulting from biodegradation of food residues. The bio-dried waste fractions with particle size higher than 45 mm were mainly composed of plastics and papers, and were preferable for the production of refuse derived fuel (RDF) in view of higher LHV as well as lower heavy metal concentration and emission. However, due to the higher chlorine content and HCl emission potential, attention should be paid to acid gas and dioxin pollution control. Although LHVs of the waste fractions with size <45 mm increased by around 2× after bio-drying, they were still below the quality standards for RDF and much higher heavy metal pollution potential was observed. Different incineration strategies could be adopted for different particle size fractions of MSW, regarding to their combustibility and pollution property.     

An improved method used for evaluating potential environmental pollution risk based on spatial distribution and density of farms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The livestock manure nitrogen load on farmland (LMNLF) is often used to assess the potential environmental pollution risk of livestock manure nitrogen...     

Metal distribution characteristic of MSWI bottom ash in view of metal recovery

Bottom ash is the major by-product of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI), and is often reused as an engineering material, such as road-base aggregate. However, some metals(especially aluminum) in bottom ash can react with water and generate gas that could cause expansion and failure of products containing the ash; these metals must be removed before the ash is utilized. The size distribution and the chemical speciation of metals in the bottom ash from two Chinese MSWI plants were examined in this study, and the recovery potential of metals from the ash was evaluated. The metal concentrations in these bottom ashes were lower than that generated in other developed countries. Specifically, the contents of Al,Fe, Cu and Zn were 18.9–29.2, 25.5–32.3, 0.7–1.0 and 1.6–2.5 g/kg, respectively. Moreover,44.9–57.0 wt.% of Al and 55.6–75.4 wt.% of Fe were distributed in bottom ash particles smaller than 5 mm. Similarly, 46.6–79.7 wt.% of Cu and 42.9–74.2 wt.% of Zn were concentrated in particles smaller than 3 mm. The Fe in the bottom ash mainly existed as hematite, and its chemical speciation was considered to limit the recovery efficiency of magnetic separation.     

跨界水资源利用的理论分析及国际环境保护制度构建研究

基于跨界水资源利用的理论分析及国际环境保护制度构建,对限制领土主权理论必须重新审视.共同利益理论要从根本上解决跨界水资源开发利用问题必须要正视主权、明确水权性质的归属.国际水道非航行使用法公约的现实状况说明,必须厘清跨界水资源水权与流域国家主权的关系、准确把握跨界水资源水权的定性,才能解决环境保护问题.为此,在确定跨界水资源水权性质为主权范围内所有权基础上,应构建事前预防、事后补偿、争端解决等国际环境保护法律机制.     

SCREEN3模型在大气环境管理中的应用研究

基于高斯扩散的单源估算模式SCREEN3计算佛山市环境统计企业的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离,发现全市工业企业SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为0.4~13.5 km.其中水泥和火电等高架源的最大落地浓度的距离最远.佛山市及五区纳入环境统计的重点废气排放企业平均的SO2排放最大落地浓度距离为2.9~4.9 km,能直接影响国控监测点位的企业合计37家,其中40%为高明区的企业.该结果证明加强空气质量国控监测点位周边至少5 km内废气排放企业的督查有利于空气质量的改善.     

森林碳汇功能的研究进展

因全球温室效应和气候变化影响,以及森林对CO2的固定作用,使林业碳汇得到了世界各国的广泛支持和发展。文章主要围绕森林植被碳汇、土壤碳汇研究现状,森林碳汇功能的不确定性以及森林管理与碳汇的关系4个方面对国内外森林碳汇的研究进展简要综述,为森林碳汇的科学研究提供基础。     

自由基对工业化纤废水氧化处理的研究

通过芬顿试剂氧化、次氯酸钠氧化、过氧化氢和光催化氧化方法对化纤废水进行了处理,并通过COD检测、紫外可见光光度计等方法对氧化效果进行分析。结果显示自由基氧化对化纤废水的色度减小非常明显,能使其色度从800多倍减少到10倍以下,COD值从3 550 mg/L降解到100 mg/L以下,透光率的变化率达到98.59%。化学处理工艺的探讨发现在pH值4～6,搅拌速度为1 500 r/min,处理30 min就能使废水的COD去除率达到95.67%;pH为4时过氧化氢的氧化效果最佳。利用过氧化氢和次氯酸钠的氧化获得了自由基氧化处理此类废水的基本原理,即自由基氧化和链式反应的持续发生造成了有机物的降解,少量自由基的生成某种程度上刺激了高级氧化反应的深入,同时极少量自由基的交联可能会湮灭氧化反应,不同类自由基之间形成竞争,可能影响其氧化性能的发挥,因此需要通过控制反应物的种类、用量和有效分离反应中间产物,可以达到高级氧化反应处理此种废水的最佳效果。