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471.
选择3%SO2作为模拟工业废气,一乙醇胺(MEA)作为吸收剂在超重力条件下对模拟工业废气中脱硫工艺进行了实验研究,考察了旋转填充床转速、气液比、吸收剂入口温度以及吸收剂浓度对脱硫率的影响,确定了MEA作为吸收剂时适宜的操作条件。同时在旋转填充床中考察了几种不同吸收剂对3%SO2脱除率的影响。研究表明,1 mol/L哌嗪(PZ)的脱除率最优,1 mol/L N-甲基乙醇胺(MDEA)的脱除率最低。 相似文献
472.
Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NO(x) in its production 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Shao M Zhang Y Zeng L Tang X Zhang J Zhong L Wang B 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(1):512-518
In many regions of China, very rapid economic growth has been accompanied by air pollution caused by vehicle emissions. In one of these regions, the Pearl River Delta, the variations of ground-level ozone and its precursors were investigated. Overall, the ambient concentrations of NO(2) increased quickly between 1995 and 1996, but then slightly decreased due to stringent nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emission controls. Nonetheless, ambient NO(2) levels in the Pearl River Delta remained high. The regional average concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 290 ppbC in summer and 190 ppbC in autumn. Local emissions and long-distance transportation of pollutants play important roles in the regional distribution of VOCs. Ambient O(3) production is significant in urban areas and also downwind of cities. The relative incremental reactivities (RIRs), determined by an observation-based model, showed that ground-level ozone formation in the Guangzhou urban area is generally limited by the concentrations of VOCs, but there are also measurable impacts of NO(x). 相似文献
473.
474.
采用博弈论的分析方法寻找南四湖流域生态补偿主客体的纳什均衡。在静态博弈模型和动态博弈模型得出两个截然不同的均衡:静态博弈的均衡是(不保护,不补偿),动态博弈的均衡是(保护,补偿)。在静态博弈中进行激励设计,提高补偿客体保护水资源的积极性,实现帕累托最优,应该立法,制定严格的惩罚标准;动态分析是建立在完全信息的基础上,由此要求政府建立良好的信誉,才能保证均衡的长久,从而达到保护南四湖流域生态环境的目的。 相似文献
475.
A novel composite gel composed of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chit) and bentonite (H-bent) was used as the carrier for encapsulating atrazine and imidacloprid to control their release in water and retard their leaching in soil. Strong interactions between CM-chit and H-bent in the composite were confirmed by FT-IR, and good dispersion of pesticides in the carrier was observed by SEM. According to the results of release experiments in water, the CM-chit/H-bent composite carrier showed double advantages of both encapsulation by the polymer and sorption by the bentonite. The time taken for 50 % of active ingredients to be released, t??, was prolonged to 572 h for atrazine and 24 h for imidacloprid, respectively. The difference between the two pesticides on release behavior was related to their hydrophobicity and water solubility. Leaching experiments through a soil layer showed that this novel carrier reduced the amount of pesticides available for leaching, and would be useful for diminishing the environmental pollution of pesticides. 相似文献
476.
477.
选用已筛选出以芘为唯一碳源的假单胞菌DY-1(Pseudomonas sp.)作为芘降解菌,采用摇瓶振荡培养方法,研究了不同环境条件对菌DY-1降解芘效率的影响以及降解动力学特性。结果表明,在含芘50 mg/L的条件下培养9 d,降解率达83.2%。最适宜温度为30℃,pH值为7.5,摇床转速为120 r/min,接种量为1.5 mL;在不同培养条件下芘的降解符合一级动力学模型;低浓度Zn2+,Cd2+,Cr6+的存在对芘降解效果影响较小,Cu2+,Pb2+对芘的降解有较强的毒性;加入低浓度有机物质,蔗糖可提高DY-1芘的降解;低浓度萘或蒽的存在可促进芘的降解。 相似文献
478.
反硝化生物滤池深度脱氮机理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了反硝化生物滤池对污水中硝酸盐氮的脱氮机制及其影响因素。结果表明,在实验室小试条件下,反硝化生物滤池启动14 d后出水基本达到稳定,NO3--N和TN的去除率分别为80%~88%和76%~80%,COD的去除率达到80%以上。稳定运行期,在室温20~29℃、水力负荷为1.5~2 m3/(m2.h)、COD/TN为3.7~4.5的条件下,反应器对NO3--N和TN的去除率分别为70%~85%和47%~64%,且在运行过程中出现了少量NO2--N的积累。分析反硝化生物滤池沿水流方向有机物浓度及氮形态分布发现,沿水流方向NH4+-N浓度基本保持不变;NO2--N浓度在滤层底部至40 cm高处积累较为明显,其后浓度基本不变。 相似文献
479.
采用一种新的工艺技术方法即水解酸化-改良UASB工艺处理玉米酒精废水。结果表明,在改良UASB运行60 d顺利启动完成后,进水COD在5 470~7 910 mg/L之间,TN在70~107 mg/L之间,TP在115~187 mg/L之间,SS在864~1 490 mg/L之间的条件下,水解酸化对COD和SS的去除率分别达50%和51%,NH3-N经过水解酸化后升高。改良UASB对COD的去除率达80%,对NH3-N、TN和TP也有一定去除,去除率分别为12%、17%和20%,经过水解酸化及改良UASB处理利于后续好氧处理。 相似文献
480.
Jingjing Fang Na Yang Liming Shao 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1287-1297
The concentrations and chromatographic profiles of gaseous pollutants emitted from a municipal solid waste (MSW) biological treatment plant were investigated to identify the major odor substances and atmospheric photochemical reactive species (PRS). Four methods were used to measure different gaseous pollutants in this study, including colorimetric tubes, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection/pulsed flame photometric detection (GC-MS/FID/PFPD) preceded by cold trap concentration, GC-FID preceded by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after derivation by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Seventy-five gaseous compounds belonging to nine groups (nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, terpenes, alcohols, carbonyls, and volatile fatty acids [VFAs]) were identified. In the pre-biotreatment facility, the total concentration of the gaseous pollutants reached the maximum value on day 7 (317 ppm). During the post-biotreatment process, the total concentration of gaseous pollutants decreased from 331 ppm at the beginning to 162 ppm in the end. The group with the greatest decrease was carbonyls, from 64 to 7.4 ppm, followed by alcohols, from 40 to 4.5 ppm, which were both oxygenated compounds. The proportion of aromatics was notably high in the pre-mechanical treatment facility, accounting for 50.6% of the total, revealing the xenobiotic compounds disseminated by stirring and agitating the waste in the initial stage. The proportions of nitrogen compounds were lower in the pre- and post-mechanical treatment facilities (1.5% and 6.9%) than in the pre- and post-biotreatment facilities (11.9% and 13.8%), suggesting that their generation was closely associated with waste degradation. The major odor compounds in the facilities were acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, and dimethyl sulfide. The major PRS in the facilities were aromatics, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, isopentyl aldehyde, alcohol, α-pinene, limonene, and terpinene. Outside the facilities, VFAs and aromatics were the most important compounds causing an environmental impact.
Implications: The aim of this work is to assess the gaseous environmental impacts of mechanical biological treatment technology. The emission of gaseous pollutants greatly affects the living quality of nearby residents and odor complaints are becoming a major problem now. In this study, the authors utilized various pretreatment and analytical methods to obtain integrated emission information of gaseous pollutants. The results showed the transformation and fate of the gas pollutants during the treatment processes, which would help to improve the processes and to mitigate gaseous pollution. Supplemental Materials: Supplemental materials are available for this paper. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association for information on the concentrations of the nine compound families at different sampling locations in the plant. 相似文献