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651.
Houhu Zhang Pinjing He Liming Shao 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(16):2623-2631
Municipal solid waste landfills are the significant anthropogenic sources of N2O due to the cooxidation of ammonia by methane-oxidizing bacteria in cover soils. Such bacteria could be developed through CH4 fumigation, as evidenced by both laboratory incubation and field measurement. During a 10-day incubation with leachate addition, the average N2O fluxes in the soil samples, collected from the three selected landfill covers, were multiplied by 1.75 (p < 0.01), 3.56 (p < 0.01), and 2.12 (p < 0.01) from the soil samples preincubated with 5% CH4 for three months when compared with the control, respectively. Among the three selected landfill sites, N2O fluxes in two landfill sites were significantly correlated with the variations of the CH4 emissions without landfill gas recovery (p < 0.001). N2O fluxes were also elevated by the increase of the CH4 emissions with landfill gas recovery in another landfill site (p > 0.05). The annual average N2O flux was 176 ± 566 μg N2O–N m?2 h?1 (p < 0.01) from sandy soil–covered landfill site, which was 72% (p < 0.05) and 173% (p < 0.01) lower than the other two clay soil covered landfill sites, respectively. The magnitude order of N2O emissions in three landfill sites was also coincident by the results of laboratory incubation, suggesting the sandy soil cover could mitigate landfill N2O emissions. 相似文献
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酶联免疫快速检测技术在太湖流域微囊藻毒素污染调查中的应用研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法对2008年5~11月环太湖水域及太湖下游嘉兴河网水体中微囊藻毒素(MC)的污染状况进行了调查.结果表明,ELISA法对环太湖水样的加标回收率为(98.0±6.5)%,相对标准偏差≤10.0%,准确性和再现性均良好,且具有通量高、检测速度快的特点,适于太湖流域MC污染的普查和初筛.环太湖水样中的MC-LR在2008年8、10月较高;太湖下游嘉兴河网水样中的MC-LR自2008年7月开始有检出,最高质量浓度出现在9月,为0.772μg/L;各饮用水源地水样中的MC-LR亦有检出,但未超过<地表水环境质量标准>(GB 3838-2002)规定的限值(1.0μg/L). 相似文献
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Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability was determined and the fate of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in mesophilic anaerobic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment was studied. Characteristics of proteins (PN), polysaccharides (PS), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular weight (MW) distribution of dissolved organic matters (DOM) in different EPS fractions were evaluated. The results showed that after ultrasonic pretreatment, the normalized capillary suction time (CST) decreased from 44.4 to 11.1 (sec·L)/g total suspended solids (TSS) during anaerobic digestion, indicating that sludge dewaterability was greatly improved. The normalized CST was significantly correlated with PN concentration (R2 = 0.92, p 0.01) and the PN/PS ratio (R2 = 0.84, p 0.01) in the loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) fraction. Meanwhile, the average MW of DOM in the LB- EPS and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) fractions also had a good correlation with the normalized CST (R2 0.66, p 0.01). According to EEM fluorescence spectroscopy, tryptophan-like substances intensities in the slime, LB-EPS and TB-EPS fractions were correlated with the normalized CST. The organic matters in the EPS matrix played an important role in influencing sludge dewaterability. 相似文献
657.
黄土高原沟壑区森林和草地小流域水文行为的比较研究 总被引:40,自引:4,他引:40
分析了黄土高原沟壑区森林小流域和自然草地小流域的水文效应,并利用实测资料和模型计算结果比较了两流域的水循环特点,结果发现在郁闭度相同的情况下,森林小流域较自然草地小流域有较小的径流量、较大的蒸散量和较低的3m土层平均含水量,也就是说森林的覆盖增强了水分小循环,削弱了水文大循环,并导致土壤含水量降低。同时也发现森林的上述水文效应仅当其郁闭度达到一定程度时才能表现出来。通过比较两类生态系统植物生长的土壤水分环境条件和水分利用率,认为黄土高原沟壑区在大力发展林业时应以沟谷为主 相似文献
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