论发展中国家在经济全球化中的环境安全对策

环境安全是国家安全的重要组成部分。随着人口的增长和人类生产规模的扩大,环境安全问题已经引起了人们越来越多的关注。在经济全球化过程中,由于发达国家掠夺式的原料进口、污染转移,发展中国家的环境安全问题变得尤为突出。因此,发展中国家应处理好经济全球化、发展与环境安全之间的关系,从国际经济交往和环境合作中寻求机遇,从发展中维护环境安全。     

实用视频干扰抑制器研制探讨

视频干扰是电视监控工程中最为头痛的事,如何抑制或解除干扰？针对这一问题,笔者和同事们进行了“实用视频干扰抑制器”的研究与开发工作。历经两年时间,在受到不同性质干扰的电视监控工程（电梯、石化、医院、电信、铁路、电台和电力等）中实地反复试验测试，找出解除干扰的办法,应用研发的“实用视频干扰抑制器”解除了这些电视监控工程中图像受到的干扰。     

港口环境风险管理探讨——以天津港为例

中国是一个海洋大国,海洋和港口的环境保护得到了国家的高度重视。港口的环境风险防范管理是一个较新的研究领域,当前中国港口经济的高速增长必然带来港口环境风险的增加,对风险进行有效地评价和管理对国家的经济发展和环境保护具有重要意义。本文对天津港环境风险管理的过程进行了较为系统的探讨,分析了天津港环境风险管理技术思路和主要内容,对天津港存在的环境风险因子做了识别,并对环境风险的评估方法做了针对性总结,为港口的风险防范措施提供了一些建议。     

浅谈石油化工厂罐区的火灾特点及扑救对策

分析了石油化工厂罐区的火灾特点,提出了火灾扑救的对策。     

基于生态足迹理论的辽宁省可持续发展动态分析

运用生态足迹方法对辽宁省2000年-2009年生态足迹和生态承载力进行了计算,并对辽宁省可持续发展程度进行了分析和预测。结果表明2000年-2009年期间辽宁省人均生态足迹快速增长,增幅达58.5%;而人均生态承载力基本不变,造成其生态赤字不断加大,涨幅达73.7%,生态系统处于一种不可持续发展状态。在此基础上利用非线性回归预测模型,对辽宁省未来十年的生态赤字进行了预测。并根据辽宁省近年来可持续发展与经济发展状况,提出遏制生态环境恶化、促进区域可持续发展的一些建议。     

N2O and NH3 emissions from a bioreactor landfill operated under limited aerobic degradation conditions

The combination of leachate recirculation and aeration to landfill may be an efficient way for in-situ nitrogen removal. However, nitrogenous substances contained in the landfill layer are concomitantly transformed into N2O and NH3, leading to increased emissions into the atmosphere. In the present study, the emissions of N2O and NH3 were measured under conditions of fresh or partially stabilized refuse with or without leachate recirculation or intermittent aeration. The results showed that the largest N2O emission (12.4 mg-N/L of the column) was observed in the aerated column loaded with partially stabilized refuse and recycled with the leachate of low C/N ratio; while less than 0.33 mg-N/L of the column was produced in the other columns. N2O production was positively correlated with the prolonged aerobic time and negatively related with the C/N ratio in the recycled leachate. NH3 volatilization increased with enhanced gas flow and concentration of free ammonia in the leachate, and the highest cumulative volatilization quantity was 1.7 mg-N/L of the column.     

Effects of activated sludge flocs and pellets seeds on aerobic granule properties

Aerobic granules seeded with activated sludge flocs and pellets (obtained from activated sludge flocs) were cultivated in two sequencing batch reactors and their characteristics were compared. Compared with granules seeded with activated sludge flocs, those seeded with pellets had shorter start-up time, larger diameter, better chemical oxygen demand removal e ciency, and higher hydrophobicity, suspended solid concentration, and Mg2+ content. The di erent inocula led the granule surface with di erent microbial morphologies, but did not result in di erent distribution patterns of extracellular polymeric substances and cells. The anaerobic bacterium Anoxybacillus sp. was detected in the granules seeded with pellets. These results highlighted the advantage of pellet over activated sludge floc as the seed for aerobic granulation and wastewater treatment.     

农村环境质量影响因素量化分析模型研究

通过对山阴县40个村庄的实际调查,分析影响农村环境质量的主要影响因素,建立多元回归模型,得出了农村居民人均纯收入、国家环保事业的资金投入、中国农村家庭的主要能源结构为主要影响因素,并通过实例验证该模型的可行性。     

中国森林土壤微生物动态变化研究进展

土壤微生物是森林生态系统的基本组成部分,在物质能量循环中起着十分重要的作用。根据目前中国森林土壤微生物的研究现状,分别在土壤微生物的分布特征、区系组成特征和动态变化影响因素等方面进行归纳和总结,以期发现森林环境下土壤微生物的动态变化规律,为今后的土壤微生物生态学的研究和发展奠定基础。     

Advances in coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China

Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the atmospheric environment and its evolution within the coastal ocean boundary layer are necessary for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution in land, sea, and atmosphere. We present an overview of coastal ocean boundary layer detection technology and equipment in China and summarize the progress and main achievements in recent years. China has developed a series of coastal ocean boundary layer detection t...