液体旋流分离器分离效率的研究

液体旋流分离器是水环境污染治理的主要设备之一.分离效率是衡量液体旋流分离器分离过程进行完善程度的最重要的技术指标,它能从质与量两方面反映出设备性能的优劣.当前液体旋流分离器设计过程还缺少具体量化的理论依据,为了给液体旋流分离器的设计提供理论依据,通过液体旋流分离器从水中分离固体粒子的性能实验,得出了液体旋流分离器各部结构尺寸、形状、相对比例对分离效率的不同影响程度,提出了结构参数的最佳取值范围.按照本研究提出的设计原则和方法,可以制造出性能优良的液体旋流分离器.     

含硝基苯类化合物废水处理技术研究进展

综述了近年来处理含硝基苯类化合物废水的物理法（包括吸附法和溶剂萃取法）、化学法（包括电化学法、铁碳微电解法、超声波氧化法和臭氧氧化法及复合技术）和生物法的研究进展。指出将现有的处理技术高效整合并降低成本是今后处理含硝基苯类化合物废水的研究方向和重点。     

住宅室内降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及暴露评价

利用CH2Cl2和超声对天津市13户家庭住宅冬季和夏季26个室内降尘样品中6种邻苯二甲酸酯(DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP、DEHP、DOP)进行提取分离,并采用气相色谱-质谱定量分析,研究了邻苯二甲酸酯污染变化特征和暴露风险.结果表明,冬夏两季,室内降尘样品均以DEHP 浓度最大,DBP第二,且DBP 和DEHP之和占ΣPAEs 的比例达到80.0%以上;冬季,各采样点6种邻苯二甲酸酯总含量(∑PAEs)浓度在1.498~32.587μg/g之间,平均浓度为(6.772±8.154)μg/g;夏季,∑PAEs浓度在1.981~40.041μg/g之间,平均浓度为(13.406±12.911) μg/g;PAEs浓度季节变化差异显著,夏季降尘样品中PAEs浓度高于冬季.暴露评价显示儿童和成人的夏季邻苯二甲酸酯总暴露量均大于冬季;经口暴露水平大于皮肤;平均儿童的暴露水平是成人的10倍左右;成人和儿童对4种物质(DBP、DEHP、DEP、BBP)的总暴露量最大值均出现在夏季;天津室内降尘暴露量与我国6城市室内降尘总暴露水平相当(除DEHP外),与德国和美国的暴露水平相比,天津儿童和成人的暴露量偏小.但是,室内环境中PAEs污染对人体健康的影响仍要引起重视,尤其是对低龄儿童的健康危害.     

Exploring the spatial-temporal variations and policy-based driving force behind groundwater contamination and remediation research in past decades

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater has been recognized as one of the most critical and vulnerable natural sources which is utilized in potable water supply, agricultural...     

微电解-生化法处理大蒜废水工程实例

针对大蒜废水特点,采用了铁屑微电解-UASB-接触氧化工艺进行处理.运行结果表明:在设计进水水质、水量范围内,COD、BOD5、氨氮和ss去除率分别为98%、99%、70%和98%,出水各项指标均达到GB 8978--1996<污水综合排放标准>中的一级排放标准,系统运行费用为1.19元/m3.     

Removal of trace Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by porous activated carbon balls supported by nanoscale zero-valent iron composites

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, porous activated carbon balls supported by nanoscale zero-valent iron composites (Fe@PACB-700) were used for the first time for the...     

Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen dynamics in relation to functional vegetation groups along precipitation gradients in secondary grasslands of South China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are strongly controlled by plant inputs and climatic conditions. However, the interrelation...     

泡沫分离法处理含Cr~(6+)废水

采用间歇式泡沫分离法处理含Cr~(6+)废水,考察了各因素对Cr~(6+)去除效果的影响。通过正交实验分析确定的废水处理最佳工艺条件:废水pH 4.00,气体流量0.90 L/min,阳离子表面活性剂加入量300 mg/L。进水Cr~(6+)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,间歇运行的Cr~(6+)去除率为97.80%,连续运行的Cr~(6+)去除率为95.89%,出水均可达标排放。动力学实验结果表明,泡沫分离法去除Cr~(6+)的过程符合一级动力学的特征。对泡沫分离柱放大后的废水连续流实验分析结果表明,泡沫分离Cr~(6+)的效果比较稳定,但分离设备对废水处理效果有一定的影响。     

Synthesis of hybrid carbon nanotubes using Brassica juncea L. application to photodegradation of bisphenol A

Hyperaccumulators contain tubular cellulose and heavy metals, which can be used as the sources of carbon and metals to synthesize nanomaterials. In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanoparticles, and CNTs/Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanocomposites were synthesized using Brassica juncea L. plants, and the ultraviolet (UV)-light-driven photocatalytic degradations of bisphenol A (BPA) using them as photocatalysts were studied. It was found that the outer diameter of CNTs was around 50 nm and there were a few defects in the crystal lattice. The synthesized Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanocomposites had a diameter of around 40 nm. Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanocomposites have grown on the surface of the CNTs and the outer diameter of them was around 100 nm. The synthesized hybrid carbon nanotubes using B. juncea could enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation on BPA. The complete equilibration time of adsorption/desorption of BPA onto the surface of CNTs, Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanoparticles, and CNTs/Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanocomposites was within 30, 20, and 30 min, and approximately 14.9, 8.7, and 17.4 % BPA was adsorbed by them, respectively. The combination of UV light irradiation (90 min) with CNTs, Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanoparticles, and CNTs/Cu_0.05Zn_0.95O nanocomposites could lead to 48.3, 75.7, and 92.6 % decomposition yields of BPA, respectively. These findings constitute a new insight for synthesizing nanocatalyst by reusing hyperaccumulators.     

城市下水污泥焚烧过程中二次污染物排放特性的试验研究

在0.15 MWt循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行了城市下水污泥与煤的混烧试验,分析了烟气中的二次污染物排放特性.分析结果表明,利用循环流化床焚烧城市下水污泥时,添加辅助燃料(如煤)及改变焚烧条件,不仅可以达到稳定燃烧的目的,而且有利于抑制焚烧中二次污染物(如CO及二恶英等有机污染物)的生成.分析了焚烧污泥污染物的排放特性,为采用焚烧方式处理城市下水污泥提供了基础性试验数据.