智能型城市防洪除涝决策支持系统总体设计研究

智能型城市防洪除涝决策支持系统是城市防洪除涝减灾的一种综合性非工程 措施。本文根据作者的经验总结和研究工作,着重阐述了其总体设计的思路、原 则、特点、及结构设计,并对专家系统、GIS技术、遥感遥测技术等高新科技在 城市防洪除涝减灾辅助决策中的作用,作了专门论述。     

逆境对木兰科树种伤害机理研究进展

逆境对木兰科树种伤害机理的研究已受到广泛重视,但关于木兰科树种抗逆性机制的研究和综合评价缺乏系统性.文章论述了近年来逆境对木兰科树种伤害机理的研究进展,特别是对其光合生理的影响,主要包括植物生物量、净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及叶绿素荧光等参数,并概述了逆境对木兰科树种细胞膜稳定性和渗透调节作用的影响.提出应加强逆境胁迫下木兰科树种抗性机制的研究,并结合实际的栽培环境,运用多个生理生态指标,对木兰科树种的环境适应性进行综合评价,以期科学指导木兰科树种的保护栽培和引种驯化.     

Modeling patterns of nonlinearity in ecosystem responses to temperature, CO2, and precipitation changes.

It is commonly acknowledged that ecosystem responses to global climate change are nonlinear. However, patterns of the nonlinearity have not been well characterized on ecosystem carbon and water processes. We used a terrestrial ecosystem (TECO) model to examine nonlinear patterns of ecosystem responses to changes in temperature, CO2, and precipitation individually or in combination. The TECO model was calibrated against experimental data obtained from a grassland ecosystem in the central United States and ran for 100 years with gradual change at 252 different scenarios. We primarily used the 100th-year results to explore nonlinearity of ecosystem responses. Variables examined in this study are net primary production (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (R(h)), net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), runoff, and evapotranspiration (ET). Our modeling results show that nonlinear patterns were parabolic, asymptotic, and threshold-like in response to temperature, CO2, and precipitation anomalies, respectively, for NPP, NEE, and R(h). Runoff and ET exhibited threshold-like pattern in response to both temperature and precipitation anomalies but were less sensitive to CO2 changes. Ecosystem responses to combined temperature, CO2, and precipitation anomalies differed considerably from the responses to individual factors in terms of response patterns and/or critical points of nonlinearity. Our results suggest that nonlinear patterns in response to multiple global-change factors were diverse and were considerably affected by combined climate anomalies on ecosystem carbon and water processes. The diverse response patterns in nonlinearity have profound implications for both experimental design and theoretical development.     

城市暴雨灾害风险评估及防御对策研究——以江苏省南京市为例

以江苏省南京市为例,从气象灾害发生维度评估城市暴雨气象灾害风险性。从致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体三方面构建南京暴雨灾害风险评价体系,采用2003-2012年统计数据对南京暴雨灾害风险评价指标进行等级划分,构建隶属函数判定评价因素与评价等级的隶属程度,建立二级模糊综合评价模型评估南京暴雨灾害风险,并选取2012年南京暴雨实例进行数据演算,验证该评价模型的有效性,最后提出南京暴雨灾害的防御对策。     

A review of bioretention components and nutrient removal under different climates—future directions for tropics

Bioretention systems have been implemented as stormwater best management practices (BMPs) worldwide to treat non-point sources pollution. Due to insufficient research, the design guidelines for bioretention systems in tropical countries are modeled after those of temperate countries. However, climatic factors and stormwater runoff characteristics are the two key factors affecting the capacity of bioretention system. This paper reviews and compares the stormwater runoff characteristics, bioretention components, pollutant removal requirements, and applications of bioretention systems in temperate and tropical countries. Suggestions are given for bioretention components in the tropics, including elimination of mulch layer and submerged zone. More research is required to identify suitable additives for filter media, study tropical shrubs application while avoiding using grass and sedges, explore function of soil faunas, and adopt final discharged pollutants concentration (mg/L) on top of percentage removal (%) in bioretention design guidelines.

     

Study on turbulence characteristics and sensitivity of quadrant analysis to threshold level in Lake Taihu

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The identification of coherent structures is very important in investigating the sediment transport mechanism and controlling the eutrophication in...     

Seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature in Indianapolis, USA

This paper intended to examine the seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature based on a case study of Indianapolis, United States. The integration of remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology methods was used in this study. Four Terra's ASTER images were used to derive the landscape patterns and land surface temperatures (LST) in four seasons in the study area. The spatial and ecological characteristics of landscape patterns and LSTs were examined by the use of landscape metrics. The impact of each land use and land cover type on LST was analyzed based on the measurements of landscape metrics. The results show that the landscape and LST patterns in the winter were unique. The rest of three seasons apparently had more agreeable landscape and LST patterns. The spatial configuration of each LST zone conformed to that of each land use and land cover type with more than 50% of overlap in area for all seasons. This paper may provide useful information for urban planers and environmental managers for assessing and monitoring urban thermal environments as result of urbanization.     

克拉玛依油田百重七联合站污水处理自动控制方法研究

主要介绍了克拉玛依油田污水处理的一般工艺流程,阐述污水处理自动控制系统的硬件结构,并针对百重七联合站污水的特定工艺流程,详细论述了根据不同的调储罐液位和处理污水的总来液量给定不同的反应罐入口污水流量值的联锁控制算法。     

Biogeochemical transfer and dynamics of iodine in a soil–plant system

Radioactive iodide (¹²⁵I) is used as a tracer to investigate the fate and transport of iodine in soil under various leaching conditions as well as the dynamic transfer in a soil–plant (Chinese cabbage) system. Results show that both soils (the paddy soil and the sandy soil) exhibit strong retention capability, with the paddy soil being slightly stronger. Most iodine is retained by soils, especially in the top 10 cm, and the highest concentration occurs at the top most section of the soil columns. Leaching with 1–2 pore volume water does not change this pattern of vertical distributions. Early breakthrough and long tailing are two features observed in the leaching experiments. Because of the relatively low peak concentration, the early breakthrough is really not an environmental concern of contamination to groundwater. The long tailing implies that the retained iodine is undergoing slow but steady release and the soils can provide a low but stable level of mobile iodine after a short period. The enrichment factors of ¹²⁵I in different plant tissues are ranked as: root > stem > petiole > leaf, and the ¹²⁵I distribution in the young leaves is obviously higher than that in the old ones. The concentrations of ¹²⁵I in soil and Chinese cabbage can be simulated with a dual-chamber model very well. The biogeochemical behaviors of iodine in the soil-cabbage system show that cultivating iodized cabbage is an environmentally friendly and effective technique to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Planting vegetables such as cabbage on the ¹²⁹I-contaminated soil could be a good remediation technique worthy of consideration.