生态安全视角下的循环经济研究

生态安全是人类可持续发展的基石,目前,生态安全问题已成为中国经济可持续发展的瓶颈。在深入分析经济社会系统与生态系统之间关系的基础上,认为生态安全问题凸显的根源在于经济社会系统对生态系统的过度干预,且经济社会系统运行生态化和资源利用高效化是缓解经济发展与生态安全之间矛盾的关键;从系统的高度,围绕生态化与高效化剖析循环经济的内涵,并从理论上分析"3R"原则及其经济实践与生态安全的关系,认为循环经济是经济社会系统在资源利用方面的系统变革,可有效推动经济发展与生态安全协同共进。     

基于GIS和AI的地震灾害危险性分析与信息系统

本文介绍了子课题“基于GIS和AI的地震灾害危险性分析与信息系统”的总体研究思路、1994年的进展以及今后的工作安排。在这一年之中,本课题进行了调研,了解了GIS技术的最新进展,总结了当前灾害研究的一些特点;对华北的一部分地区建立了试验性的地震构造信息系统,经过多种空间操作,产生了一系列新的数据集合;在矢量数据与栅格数据转换的基础上,提出了实用的网格单元特征的提取方法;初步研究了GIS与AI的结合途径。     

海洋环境立体监测技术

为了保护和合理利用海洋,必须对海洋环境进行长期连续、多要素、多维空间的立体监控。海洋环境立体监测系统技术摒弃了传统将水样带回实验室预处理、存放再进行后期分析的低效方法,极大地提高了数据的采集效率,减轻了海洋监测工作者的劳动强度,节省了人力、物力和财力。本文介绍了海洋环境立体监测技术中的系统集成及数据分析平台等。     

高磷铁矿湿法脱磷废水除磷工艺及其循环利用

以氧化钙为除磷剂,采用化学法对高磷铁矿脱磷废水除磷工艺进行探讨。研究了溶液pH值、反应温度、反应时间及搅拌速度对脱磷的影响。实验结果表明:在酸性含磷废水的pH为10、温度为70℃、反应时间为30 min以及搅拌速度为200 r/min的优化条件下,除磷效果最佳,脱磷率可达99.99%以上,废水的含磷量由3020μg/mL下降到0.5μg/mL以下,完全符合国家第二类污染物综合排放标准的一级标准磷含量要求。采用除磷后废水对高磷铁矿除磷,精矿中的磷含量均在0.1%以下,完全满足高炉冶炼配料要求,达废水减排效果。     

Inhibition and recovery of nitrification in treating real coal gasification wastewater with moving bed biofilm reactor

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used to treat real coal gasification wastewater. Nitrification of the MBBR was inhibited almost completely during start-up period. Sudden increase of influent total NH3 concentration was the main factor inducing nitrification inhibition. Increasing DO concentration in the bulk liquid (from 2 to 3 mg/L) had little e ect on nitrification recovery. Nitrification of the MBBR recovered partially by the addition of nitrifying sludge into the reactor and almost ceased within 5 days. Nitrification ratio of the MBBR achieved 65% within 12 days by increasing dilute ratio of the influent wastewater with tap water. The ratio of nitrification decreased to 25% when influent COD concentration increased from 650 to 1000 mg/L after nitrification recovery and recovered 70% for another 4 days.     

发展循环经济 建设绿色山西

山西省作为以煤炭为主体的能源大省,资源转型首先还是要立足于煤,在煤炭问题上＂深＂做文章;其次是延伸产业链、培育新兴产业,转变＂一煤独大＂的单一资源主导型产业格局;同时作为国家资源型经济转型发展综合配套改革试验区,应在绿色经济、循环经济、节能环保和低碳发展配套改革方面做出实质性探索,为国家资源型经济转型发展提供先行先试的经验和示范。     

ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂再生方法的比较

采用水洗再生、N_2及N_2+NH_3气氛下的热再生以及微波辐射再生的方式对饱和ZnFe_2O_4/活性炭(AC)脱硫剂进行再生,并通过SEM,XRD,TG等技术进行表征。实验结果表明:水洗温度为90℃时,第一次水洗后ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂对SO_2的吸附容量(硫容)为122.0 mg/g;N_2氛围下热再生的最佳温度为500℃,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容可达97.2 mg/g;N_2+NH_3氛围下热再生的最佳温度为400℃,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容达到101.2 mg/g;当微波功率为100 W时,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容为87.2 mg/g。对比三种再生方式,一次水洗再生具有更好的再生效果。     

绿色维修战略与循环经济

绿色维修是社会可持续发展的重要技术途径,其内涵体现了循环经济的内在要求.它除了具有经济、技术职能外,还具有重要的社会职能,将在节能减排、发展循环经济、建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会中发挥重要作用.因此应采取积极措施,出台相关政策,大力促进绿色维修事业蓬勃发展.     

Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition

Coal gasification effluent is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with a very poor anaerobic biodegradability due to its toxicity.Methanol was introduced to improve anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater,and the effect of methanol addition on the performance was investigated in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hr.Experimental results indicated that anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater was feasible with the addition of methanol.The corresponding maximum COD and phenol removal rates were 71% and 75%,respectively,with methanol concentration of 500 mg COD/L for a total organic loading rate of 3.5 kg COD/(m3 ·day) and a phenol loading rate of 0.6 kg/(m3 ·day).The phenol removal rate was not improved with a higher methanol concentration of 1000 mg COD/L.Substrate utilization rate (SUR) tests indicated that the SURs of phenol were 106,132,and 83 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) at methanol concentrations of 250,500,and 1000 mg COD/L,respectively,and only 45 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) in the control reactor.The presence of methanol could reduce the toxicity of coal gasification wastewater and increase the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.     

Accumulation,root-shoot translocation and phytotoxicity of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wheat

Environmental Chemistry Letters - While pollution of the environment by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been rather well studied, the fate of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in...