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471.
基于模糊综合评价的流域社会经济活动对太湖生态影响评价研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
太湖是我国的五大淡水湖之一。太湖流域是我国经济最发达、水污染最严重的地区之一,正面临着严重的环境问题。随着太湖流域社会经济的发展,太湖流域生态环境将承受更大的压力。因此,分析人类社会经济活动对太湖流域生态的影响,对研究太湖生态环境具有重要意义。采用系统分析的方法,围绕流域人类社会经济活动对湖泊生态安全的影响,建立湖泊生态安全的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法计算各指标因子的权重。在此基础上,以太湖流域2005年和2006年相关数据为依据,以MATLAB为工具,根据模糊数学的原理,利用多级模糊综合评价的方法对太湖进行生态综合评价,确定流域社会经济活动对整个湖泊生态系统的影响。研究结果表明,3个重要指数得分高低顺序依次为:水体环境状态指数>水体污染负荷指数>社会经济压力指数;除了点源污染以外,面源污染也是太湖流域生态环境问题的重要根源。 相似文献
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473.
胜利油田含油污泥的植物修复研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
胜利油田滨一污水站产生的含油污泥经俄罗斯菌剂修复后含油量仍较高,为进一步降低其含油量,采用了植物修复技术.在总面积为1 000 m2的含油污泥修复场地上,分别种植了高羊茅、苜蓿、大豆、玉米和高粱,进行了120 d的植物修复.检测了植物修复前后含油污泥的含油量、基本理化性质、生物毒性、微生物数量和代谢功能多样性.对比发现,植物修复后含油污泥的石油降解率最高可达34.09%,持水率提高,生物毒性下降,微生物数量增加及代谢功能多样性增强.实验说明,植物修复是处理含油污泥的有效方法之一. 相似文献
474.
强化生物除磷(EBPR)是一种经济、高效、可持续的除磷工艺之一,然而聚糖菌(GAO)的过量生长将导致EBPR系统恶化甚至完全失效.介绍了GAO的厌氧/好氧代谢机制,重点总结了两种GAO(Competibacter和类Defluviicoccus vanus细菌)的生物学特性,分析了碳源、pH、温度等影响GAO生长的关键因素,并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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477.
Hole LR Brunner SH Hanssen JE Zhang L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(3):473-481
The conditional time averaged gradient method was used to measure air-surface exchange of nitrogen and sulphur compounds at a semi-alpine site in Southern Norway. Dry deposition velocities were then obtained from the bi-weekly concentration gradient measurements. Annual deposition velocities were found to be 1.4, 11.8 and 4.0 mm s(-1) for NH3, HNO3 and SO2, respectively, if all data were included, and to be 10.8, 11.8 and 13.0 mm s(-1), respectively, if only positive values were included. Measured deposition velocities were compared to two sets of values estimated from a big-leaf dry deposition module applying to two different land types (short grass and forbs, and tundra), driven by measured micrometeorological parameters. The deposition module gives reasonable values for this site throughout the year, but does not reproduce the large variability as shown in the measured data. No apparent seasonal variations were found from either measurements or module estimates due to the very low productivity of the studied area. 相似文献
478.
Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period. 相似文献
479.
Zhang B Cox SB McMurry ST Jackson WA Cobb GP Anderson TA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):658-667
Soil and topical tests were employed to investigate the effect of two N-nitroso metabolites of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) on earthworm reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for cocoon production and hatching was 50mg/kg for both hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in soil. MNX and TNX also significantly affected cocoon hatching in soil (p<0.001) and in topical tests (p=0.001). The LOECs for cocoon hatching were 1 and 10mg/kg for MNX and TNX in soil, respectively, and 10mg/L in the topical test. Greater than 100mg/kg MNX and TNX completely inhibited cocoon hatching. In soil, the EC20 values for MNX were 8.7 and 8.8mg/kg for cocoon and juvenile production, respectively, compared to 9.2 and 9.1mg/kg for TNX, respectively. The EC20 values for the total number of cocoon hatchlings were 3.1 and 4.7mg/kg for MNX and TNX, respectively, in soil and 4.5 and 3.1mg/L in the topical test. Both MNX and TNX inhibited cocoon production and hatching, suggesting that they may have a negative affect on soil ecosystems at contaminated sites. 相似文献
480.
A novel non-equilibrium plasma-based water treatment reactor consisting of high voltage multi-needle electrode submerged in aqueous phase and reticulated ground electrode suspended in gas phase above water was developed and applied to treat low concentrations of methyl orange (MO). The electrode configuration was optimized. Higher number and more uniform distribution of streamers were produced in gas phase when parallel five-needle configuration with needle spacing of 10mm for high voltage electrode, macroporous ground electrode with mesh size of 0.42mm, and electrode gap of 17mm were adopted. This case corresponds to the largest amount of hydrogen peroxide and ozone produced in aqueous phase and gas phase, respectively, and air flow rate presents an economical value. The injection of wastewater above ground electrode for pretreatment and the design of fixed mesh barriers further increase the amount of ozone dissolved in aqueous solution. The conversion of MO presents a positive correlation with input voltage and the increase of pulse repetition rate is conducive for the conversion. In addition, the effect of initial solution concentration and treating volume on the conversion, energy yield and COD removal was evaluated. 相似文献