温度对悬浮载体流化床处理效能的影响

悬浮载体流化床是一种新型反应器。介绍了该反应器的特点及试验方法,并通过试验考察温度对悬浮载体流化床处理效能的影响,结果表明:温度对反应器去除COD效果影响不明显,对氨氮和总氮的去除效果则有一定影响。     

AHP与模糊评判法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用对比

以对比研究层次分析法和模糊评判法在垃圾填埋场选址中的应用特征,并探究两者综合应用的可能性为目的,以自然地理、地质环境、工程地质条件及环境保护为评价标准,对广州市4个拟建填埋场进行了适宜性评价。在层次分析法确定的权重值的基础上,利用模糊评判法进行计算,最终确定兴丰填埋场为最佳场地,评价结果与实际应用情况相符。另外,通过对比分析发现,在参数选择与定量化方面,模糊评判法评价结果的准确性更高,而层次分析法的计算工作量较少;在评判结果的适用性方面,层次分析法的评判结果与实际相符性程度更高。研究表明,两种方法结合起来应用于垃圾填埋场的选址是可行的,且可提高评判结果的准确度。     

钢框架连续倒塌动力效应研究

为了研究钢框架连续倒塌动力效应,采用瞬时加载法对平面和空间钢框架柱失效后动力效应进行了研究。采用基于等效塑性转角和等效竖向位移的荷载增大系数来衡量结构的动力效应,分析跨数、层数、高宽比、柱失效位置、节点转动刚度及空间作用等参数对结构动力效应的影响,研究成果可为抗连续倒塌设计提供参考。     

葛根保健食品的开发及利用

作者论述了葛根的生长习性、资源分布、保健药效、化学组成及其加工特性,并在此基础上,提出了利用我国野葛自然资源优势开发生产系列保健食品的途径。     

Mechanistic insights into the selective photocatalytic degradation of dyes over TiO2/ZSM-11

● TiO₂/ZSM-11 was prepared by a facile solid state dispersion method. ● Mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of dyes was investigated. ● Both experimental and MD simulations were conducted. ● Chemisorption instead of electrostatic interaction played a critical role. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising way to eliminate dye contaminants. In this work, a series of TiO₂/ZSM-11 (TZ) nanocomposites were prepared using a facile solid state dispersion method. Methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB) were intentionally chosen as target substrates in the photocatalytic degradation reactions. Compared to pristine TiO₂, negative effect was observed on MO degradation while promoted kinetics were collected on MB and RhB over TZ composites. Moreover, a much higher photocatalytic rate was interestingly achieved on RhB than MB, which indicated that a new factor has to be included other than the widely accepted electrostatic interaction mechanism to fully understand the selective photodegradation reactions. Systematic characterizations showed that TiO₂ and ZSM-11 physically mixed and maintained both the whole framework and local structure without chemical interaction. The different trends observed in surface area and the photo-absorption ability of TZ composites with reaction performance further excluded both as the promotion mechanism. Instead, adsorption energies predicted by molecular dynamics simulations suggested that differences in the adsorption strength played a critical role. This work provided a deep mechanistic understanding of the selective photocatalytic degradation of dyes reactions, which helps to rationally design highly efficient photocatalysts.     

Hybrid energy harvesting systems for self-powered sustainable water purification by harnessing ambient energy

● Energy harvesters harness multiple energies for self-powered water purification. ● Hybrid energy harvesters enable continuous output under fluctuating conditions. ● Mechanical, thermal, and solar energies enable synergic harvesting. ● Perspectives of hybrid energy harvester-driven water treatment are proposed. The development of self-powered water purification technologies for decentralized applications is crucial for ensuring the provision of drinking water in resource-limited regions. The elimination of the dependence on external energy inputs and the attainment of self-powered status significantly expands the applicability of the treatment system in real-world scenarios. Hybrid energy harvesters, which convert multiple ambient energies simultaneously, show the potential to drive self-powered water purification facilities under fluctuating actual conditions. Here, we propose recent advancements in hybrid energy systems that simultaneously harvest various ambient energies (e.g., photo irradiation, flow kinetic, thermal, and vibration) to drive water purification processes. The mechanisms of various energy harvesters and point-of-use water purification treatments are first outlined. Then we summarize the hybrid energy harvesters that can drive water purification treatment. These hybrid energy harvesters are based on the mechanisms of mechanical and photovoltaic, mechanical and thermal, and thermal and photovoltaic effects. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential for advancing beyond the current state-of-the-art of hybrid energy harvester-driven water treatment processes. Future endeavors should focus on improving catalyst efficiency and developing sustainable hybrid energy harvesters to drive self-powered treatments under unstable conditions (e.g., fluctuating temperatures and humidity).     

不同稳定剂对污泥蛋白发泡特性的影响研究

污泥含有蛋白质,经过高温水解可产生水解蛋白液(简称污泥蛋白),该蛋白具有发泡特性,经通风搅拌可产生泡沫;由于污泥蛋白所产生的泡沫具有不稳定、易破裂的特点,因此,设计了不同稳定剂对污泥蛋白发泡特性的影响研究实验,解决污泥蛋白所产生泡沫的稳定性问题。结果表明,在测定污泥蛋白的基本发泡特性实验中,10 mL污泥蛋白稀释10倍时,初始泡沫量较大,达到2 153 mL,但泡沫半衰期相对较短,时间为27 min;在10 mL污泥蛋白中分别加入0.2 g十六烷基三甲基溴化氨(CTAB)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、GP-1,并用水稀释10倍,制成泡沫后的初始泡沫量分别为1 380、1 400和1 248 mL,相对降低了773、753和905 mL;泡沫半衰期分别为31、76和509 min,相对提高了4、49和482 min,尤其是GP-1作为稳定剂时,泡沫的半衰期与不加稳定剂时相比提高了15倍;在10 mL污泥蛋白中加入0.2 g十六烷基三甲基溴化氨与0.2 g GP-1的复配稳定剂,用水稀释10倍,制成泡沫后的初始泡沫量为1 525 mL,相对降低了628 mL;泡沫半衰期为95 min,相对提高了68 min。因此,GP-1是污泥蛋白最好的泡沫稳定剂。     

铜绿微囊藻生长条件优化模拟研究

采用Plackett Burman实验设计与响应曲面法(RSM)相结合,研究了环境因子对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响。首先采用Plackett-Burman设计对影响藻细胞生长的环境因子进行筛选,结果表明:温度、NaNO3、K2HPO4、Ferric.Citrate对铜绿微囊藻的生长有重要影响,各因子影响值大小为E温度EK2HPO4ENaNO3EFerric.Citrate。在此基础上,用Box-Behnken设计对铜绿微囊藻的生长条件进一步优化,通过对藻细胞最大现存量与各考察因子之间的输入响应关系进行分析,结果表明:铜绿微囊藻的最佳生长条件是:温度为29℃,NaNO3为1.059 mmol/L,K2HPO4为0.057 mmol/L,Ferric.Citrate为0.024mmol/L,此时藻细胞的最大现存量为10.8293×105cells/mL。     

高校生活垃圾分类回收及资源化探讨

本文通过对高校生活垃圾组成的调查,探讨了教学区、宿舍区、食堂等区域生活垃圾的分类回收模式,并对废纸、废塑料、废金属、废电池、餐厨垃圾等资源化利用的可行性进行了分析,建议通过加强宣传工作,健全管理机制,完善资源化市场体系等途径对高校生活垃圾进行分类回收及资源化。     

造纸废水处理技术应用及研究进展

介绍了造纸废水处理技术的应用现状及研究进展,总结了物理法、物理化学法、生物法、生态法和联合法对造纸废水COD等的去除效果及运行状况.提出:联合法是处理造纸废水的最佳方法;联合法高效率的充分发挥需要新型混凝剂的开发、微生物培养等技术的更新与支持.