CAS-BT复合反应器同步脱氮除磷试验研究

在CAST反应器中引入自制悬浮填料,构成了CAS-BT复合反应器,采用人工配制废水,对其同步脱氮除磷效果进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,当TN为178.05 mg/L、TP为28.32 mg/L时,CAS-BT工艺取得了很好的同步脱氮除磷效果,TN和TP的去除率分别达到97.55%和98.10%.进行同步脱氮除磷时,CAS-BT比其他的水处理工艺更具优势.     

氢氧化钙清液加氯化钙处理酸性高浓度含氟废水

研究了pH值、氯化钙投加量、搅拌时间及沉淀时间等因素对酸性高浓度含氟废水处理效果的影响;提出了采用氢氧化钙清液加氯化钙作为新型沉淀剂处理酸性高浓度含氟废水的工艺参数：pH值在8．5－9．5,按照nCa／F=0．7加入5％CaCl2溶液,搅拌45min、沉降90min;采用此工艺参数处理氟离子浓度为2600mg／L、pH值为2．97的废水,能把废水氟离子的浓度降至20mg／L以下,达到国家二级排放标准;采用本工艺取代传统工艺的好处是：沉渣中氟化钙纯度高,有利于废水中氟的回收利用。     

Analysis of a high PM10 episode observed at a coastal site nearby Shanghai, China

A high PM₁₀ episode observed at a coastal site nearby Shanghai during 18–19 January 2007 was analyzed in this study. The maximum hourly averaged PM₁₀ concentrations for the 2 days were 0.58 and 0.62 mg/m³, respectively. The meteorological condition during the episode was favorable for air pollution with large-scale stagnation. There was no dispersing effect by high wind, no scavenging function by precipitation, and no diluting process by clean marine air during the episode. The trajectories for 16–19 January all came from the northern region and kept in low levels, and during the episode peak time, from the morning of 18 to the morning of 19 January, trajectories all came from the northern inland areas and had passed over the coastal region of Jiangsu province before arriving at the site. The variation of the air pollution indexes (APIs) in the cities located in the upwind direction of the site during the episode days clearly shows a process of large-scale air pollution from north to south. The liner correlation coefficient for PM₁₀ and SO₂ concentrations is 0.774 during the episode, while for PM₁₀ and CO, it even reaches 0.995, which indicated that the high PM₁₀ was mainly emitted from the coal burning for domestic heating in winter. Therefore, the observed episode was caused by the transport of domestic heating pollutants accumulated in the boundary layer from northern continental areas.     

阳澄湖和滆湖微囊藻毒素分布及其与富营养化因子的关系

2013年6—10月进行了阳澄湖和滆湖的水样采集及分析,对水体中胞内和胞外3种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR,MCRR,MC-YR)和TN、TP、Chl-a等富营养化指标在两湖的分布情况及关系进行了研究。结果表明,阳澄湖的微囊藻毒素及富营养化因子浓度在不同点位的差异小,而滆湖从北部到南部呈下降趋势,两湖相比,滆湖的浓度远远高于阳澄湖;富营养化因子影响微囊藻毒素的浓度分布和变化;相关性分析表明MC-LR、MC-RR和MC-YR与CODMn、TN、TP、PO3-4-P、Chl-a分别呈极显著正相关性(P0.01),MC-LR、MC-YR与NH+4-N呈显著负相关(P0.05);逐步回归性分析显示Chl-a是影响3种微囊藻毒素浓度的关键因子,可以通过Chl-a对水体中MCs的浓度进行预测,为微囊藻水华和微囊藻毒素污染的预警提供重要的科学参考。     

氐温喹啉降解菌的筛选及降解性能

从吉林石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中驯化、筛选获得一株降解效率高且生长速率快高效耐冷菌,命名为WS-5。该菌能以喹啉作为惟一的碳源、氮源及能源。结合菌体的形态观察、生理生化特性实验及16SrDNA序列同源性对比分析,鉴定菌株WS-5为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonasputida）。不同降解条件下的实验结果表明,菌株WS-5的最佳降解条件是投菌量为15％,pH值范围在8～10,摇床转速为100r／min。最佳降解环境下对200mg／L的喹啉在132h降解率达到了85．3％。菌株WS-5对初始喹啉浓度为50、100、200和300mg／L的初始喹啉浓度分别在36、72、192和262h内完全降解。这将为今后在低温条件下处理含喹啉废水提供技术指导。     

巢湖表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其污染评价

以巢湖表层沉积物为研究对象,利用BCR连续提取法研究了沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Cd、Zn、V和Pb等8种重金属元素的分布特征,同时运用潜在风险指数法和地累积指数法综合评价了巢湖沉积物中重金属的生态风险。结果表明,巢湖沉积物中的重金属含量在空间上表现出东西高、中间低的分布特征。巢湖表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、V和Cu 5种重金属都主要以残渣态为主,Zn和Cd主要以弱酸提取态为主,Pb以可还原态为主,同时,Co和Cu 2种元素的可交换态及可还原态含量占有较高比例,具有潜在危害性。相关性分析显示,Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn和Cd 6种重金属元素的来源和分布可能具有相似性,Co和V 2种重金属元素具有相似的地球化学行为且其主要来源可能与其他几种重金属不同。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物中8种重金属元素构成的生态危害顺序为:Cd>Pb>Co>Cu>Ni>Zn>V>Cr,Cd具有高的生态危害等级,其他7种重金属元素均为低生态危害等级。地累积指数法评价结果表明:巢湖沉积物重金属元素的富集程度为Cd>Zn>Pb>Co>Cu>V>Ni>Cr,Cr属于清洁级别,Co、Cu、V和Ni处于轻度污染水平,Zn和Pb处于偏中度污染,Cd达到了重污染水平。     

添加VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂对堆肥的影响

通过在高温好氧堆肥中分别添加VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂,研究接种3‰的VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂促进堆肥的作用效果。结果表明,接种VT菌剂的处理与空白和接种有机物料腐熟剂的处理相比,堆肥初期升温更快;高温期更长;堆肥结束时,C/N降低的多,NO3-N增加的多,NH4+-N挥发的少,接种VT菌剂和VT有机物料腐熟剂都可促进有机质的充分降解,缩短堆肥时间,加快堆肥腐熟,提高堆肥肥力。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers occurrence in major inflowing rivers of Lake Chaohu (China): Characteristics,potential sources and inputs to lake

Eight commonly occurring polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), including BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 207, and 209, were investigated in water samples from seven major inflowing rivers of Lake Chaohu to determine the distribution characteristics, potential sources and inputs to the lake. The sum of 8 BDE congeners (Σ₈PBDEs) had a concentration varied from 0.31 to 84 ng L⁻¹, with those of BDE 209, BDE 47, BDE 99, and BDE 153 being 0.31–83, <0.012–0.36, <0.012–1.3, and <0.012–0.77 ng L⁻¹, respectively. These levels were in the high range of the global PBDEs concentrations in the water environments. The highest concentrations of Σ₈PBDEs were detected in the western rivers, of which the main pollution sources were strongly related to human activities in urban centers, such as automobile-derived wastes. A sewage treatment plant was likely an important source of the lower brominated BDEs input to one western river. The correlation analyses (all p < 0.05) between PBDEs and DOC, TN, TP, and EC, suggested that the distributions and sources of PBDEs in rivers might also be related with the soil erosion by heave floods. Σ₈PBDEs input to Lake Chaohu from the rivers outlets was estimated at 344 kg yr⁻¹ during the flood season. BDE 209 was the dominant contributor with an input of 340 kg yr⁻¹, followed by BDE 99 (1.3 kg yr⁻¹), BDE 47 (0.83 kg yr⁻¹) and BDE 153 (0.60 kg yr⁻¹).     

Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and epoxide hydrolase 1 play roles in asthma

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Asthma, as one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adults, is a consequence of complex gene–environment interactions. Polycyclic...     

Biosorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ onto the immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was investigated in this study. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and the effect of pH were studied. The results indicated that the biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae was fast at initial stage and then became slow. The maximum biosorption of heavy metal ions on immobilized S. cerevisiae were observed at pH 4 for Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. by the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetic data well according to the high correlation coefficient (R ²) obtained. The biosorption isotherm was fitted well by the Langmuir model, indicating possible mono-layer biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ on the immobilized S. cerevisiae. Moreover, the immobilized S. cerevisiae after the sorption of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ could be regenerated and reused.