悬浮填料-SBR工艺处理难降解青霉素制药废水的研究

采用悬浮填料 SBR工艺处理青霉素制药废水 ,结果表明 :青霉素废水中含有的抗生素对微生物有抑制作用 ,宜采用非限制曝气的进水方式 ;最佳运行工艺为一周期 8h ,非限制曝气进水 1h ,反应 5h ,沉淀、排水和闲置 2h ;该工艺与单一SBR工艺相比 ,可提高CODCr去除率 2 0 %以上 ,缩短反应时间 2h ;且具有良好的稳定性 ,当进水CODCr浓度变化较大( 80 0— 2 5 0 0mg L)时 ,CODCr去除率一直稳定于 83 %— 85 %之间 ,出水CODCr在 136— 35 0mg L之间 ,达到国家二级排放标准。     

Using geoaccumulation index to study source profiles of soil dust in China

Source apportionment studies of TSP(atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters≤100μm)and PM10(atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters≤10μm)have revealed that soil dust is all important source of these particulates in China In this study, the contamination of soil dust was assessed through the use of a geoaccumulation index(Igeo). The mass concentration profiles ofl7 elements(Na, Mg, AI, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Ba, andPb)were establishedforurban soil dusts. Geochemical cOmpositions of soils from 15 cities were used to represent background urban soil compositions. The results of this Studv indicated that a number of cities are severely polluted by particulates containing Ca, Cr, Ni, and Cu in both size fractions(TSP and PM10). Contamination with Zn, Pb, Co, and Br was moderate to severe(Igeo>2). The AI and Fe concentrations were not high enough for them to be considered contaminants.     

复杂人机系统中人误影响因素修正规则研究

针对传统复杂人机系统人误分析中,只注重影响因素与人误的直接关系,而忽视影响因素内部关联的问题,将CREAM中9个共同绩效条件因子(CPC)视为初始人误影响因素,通过研究其内部关联性,提出了一种因子修正规则。首先基于灰色关联分析法和过往人误案例分析,对CPC因子进行分类,并得出同类因子间具有非负相关性;然后分析CPC因子调整方案中存在的主要问题,通过引入新的CPC因子,建立了CPC关联模型;最后利用逻辑推理方法,证明CPC因子中的被影响因子在任何初始判断结果下均可能由于其他因子的影响性质发生改变,进而得出因子修正规则,该规则简单且易于理解,具有一定的实践意义。     

Proximate composition of household waste and applicability of waste management technologies by source separation in Hanoi,Vietnam

The organic fraction of municipal solid wastes in Southeast Asia, which has a high moisture content, accounts for a large proportion of total waste. Local governments need to pay adequate attention to the composition of wastes to determine alternative waste management technologies. This study proposed the use of a triangle diagram to describe changes in proximate composition and rates of successful source separation of municipal solid waste and to identify technical challenges about alternative waste management technologies such as incineration, composting, and refuse-derived fuel production based on physical and proximate composition analysis of household waste sampled in Hanoi, Vietnam, as a case study. The analysis indicated the effectiveness of different types of source separation as well as different levels of successful achievement of source separation as an adjustment mechanism for the proximate composition of waste. Proper categorization of wastes for source separation is necessary for the appropriate use of alternative waste management technologies. The results showed that, at a source separation rate of just greater than 0.52 in a three-way separation scheme, the waste separated as combustible waste would be suitable for incineration with energy recovery. Based on well-designed schemes of source separation, alternative waste management technologies can be applied.     

Drivers of Forest Cover Dynamics in Smallholder Farming Systems: The Case of Northwestern Vietnam

The national-scale forest recovery of Vietnam started in the early 1990s and is associated with a shift from net deforestation to net reforestation. Large disparities in forest cover dynamics are, however, observed at the local scale. This study aims to unravel the mechanisms driving forest cover change for a mountainous region located in northwest Vietnam. Statistical analyses were used to explore the association between forest cover change and household characteristics. In Sa Pa district, deforestation rates are decreasing, but forest degradation continues at similar rates. Deforestation is not necessarily associated with impoverished ethnic communities or high levels of subsistence farming, and the largest forest cover dynamics are found in villages with the best socio-economic conditions. Our empirical study does not provide strong evidence of a dominant role of agriculture in forest cover dynamics. It shows that empirical studies on local-scale forest dynamics remain important to unravel the complexity of human–environment interactions.     

外度水库底泥中磷形态分布特征及污染评价

应用SMT法对莆田外度水库底泥和周边土壤不同形态磷进行测定,并分析了底泥的理化性质.结果表明,底泥中OP和IP含量大致相等,其中IP是以Fe/Al-P为主;从各形态磷相关性分析表明,TP与Fe/Al-P、OP相关性显著,而Ca-P与其他形态磷的相关性都比较差;水库底泥总磷标准指数12个点位中有7个点位大于1,说明外度水库磷污染较严重.     

Steel slag quality control for road construction aggregates and its environmental impact: case study of Vietnamese steel industry—leaching of heavy metals from steel-making slag

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Steel slag is an industrial by product of steel manufacturing processes and has been widely utilized within civil and construction materials for road...     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）在两种微生物环境中的降解性能

以西安花园土和昆明农田腐殖土浸提液作为降解介质,对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）的降解行为和两种土壤中不同微生物对PBS的作用进行了研究.结果表明,PBS膜在昆明腐殖土中降解两个月后的质量损失达到42%,其降解效果大约是西安花园土的9倍.在花园土壤中,真菌对PBS的降解起着主要作用,而腐殖土中,放线菌对PBS的降解起着主要...     

黄渤海表层沉积物中正构烷烃和甾醇的分布及来源研究

在黄海、渤海湾和莱州湾采集64个表层沉积物样品,分析正构烷烃(C15～C33)和甾醇(菜子甾醇、菜油甾醇、谷甾醇和豆甾醇)的质量分数和分子组合特征,探讨其来源,比较物质来源的空间差异。结果表明:(1)黄海表层沉积物中类脂生物标志物主要呈现陆源和海源共同影响的特征,其中北黄海以陆源输入为主,高碳数正构烷烃(>C24)具有明显的奇碳优势,陆源高等植物的贡献较大;南黄海陆源输入与海洋自身贡献相当;渤海湾与莱州湾接受来自河流的大量陆源物质;(2)来源于陆源高等植物的甾醇(包括菜油甾醇、谷甾醇和豆甾醇)在黄海表层沉积物中的质量分数远小于渤海湾和莱州湾,但指示硅藻来源的菜子甾醇在整个研究区域均具有较高的质量分数。     

Source apportionment of ambient PM10 in urban areas of Wuxi, China

A total of 168 PM₁₀ samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM₁₀ was high in the spring and winter (123 ??g·m^?3 and low in the summer-fall (90 ??g·m^?3). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM₁₀, accounting for more than 50% of the PM₁₀ mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM₁₀. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM₁₀.