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731.
Otones V Álvarez-Ayuso E García-Sánchez A Santa Regina I Murciego A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2637-2647
A mining area affected by the abandoned exploitation of an arsenical tungsten deposit was studied in order to assess its arsenic pollution level and the feasibility of native plants for being used in phytoremediation approaches. Soil and plant samples were collected at different distances from the polluting sources and analysed for their As content and distribution. Critical soil total concentrations of As were found, with values in the range 70-5330 mg kg−1 in the uppermost layer. The plant community develops As tolerance by exclusion strategies. Of the plant species growing in the most polluted site, the shrubs Salix atrocinerea Brot. and Genista scorpius (L.) DC. exhibit the lowest bioaccumulation factor (BF) values for their aerial parts, suggesting their suitability to be used with revegetation purposes. The species Scirpus holoschoenus L. highlights for its important potential to stabilise As at root level, accumulating As contents up to 3164 mg kg−1. 相似文献
732.
Jofré MB Antón RI Caviedes-Vidal E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2889-2897
Purpose
Heavy metals have been detected in water and sediments from the Embalse La Florida, an artificial lake in the arid region of San Luis province, Argentina, representing one of the few sources of permanent water for reproduction of native anuran species. This study assesses lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the anuran species found in this water reservoir as well as differences between compounds, species and sites of collection.Methods
Adult anuran amphibians were collected on the north and south shores of the Embalse La Florida and Pb and Cd concentrations were measured in whole body homogenates digested using wet ashing techniques.Results
All individuals of the six species assayed had detectable levels of Pb and Cd that ranged from 1.19 to 5.57 ??g/g dry mass and from 1.09 to 6.86 ??g/g dry mass, respectively. Anuran amphibians collected in the more contaminated south shore accumulated 21% more Cd and 40% more Pb than individuals from the less altered north shore. Cd and Pb accumulation was not significantly correlated with the concentration in water at the site of collection.Conclusions
Amphibians of the Embalse La Florida accumulate Cd and Pb. Between and within species, differences were detected in Cd and Pb concentrations. Differences in metal concentrations between species, metals, and individuals collected on shores of the Embalse La Florida with different contamination, were detected. Therefore, it is crucial to implement adequate policies to protect amphibians from the accelerated urban development experienced in this location. 相似文献733.
Francesca Porri Gerardo I. Zardi Christopher D. McQuaid Sarah Radloff 《Marine Biology》2007,152(3):631-637
Settlement is a major determinant of intertidal populations. However, the energy costs of lost larvae are very high. Accordingly,
arrival and attachment on suitable substrata are essential requirements for species’ survival. On the intertidal, the presence
of cues left by adult or juvenile conspecifics could be vital for the successful establishment of larvae arriving on the shore.
Two mussel species, the indigenous Perna perna and the invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis, co-occur on the lower eulittoral zone on the south coast of South Africa. P.
perna dominates the low and M. galloprovincialis the high mussel zones, with co-existence in the mid mussel zone. This study tested the hypothesis of settlement selectivity
for conspecifics in these two mussel species, to understand whether the final adult distribution of mussels on the shores
is determined by active behavioural and chemical mechanisms. Preferential selection by larvae for conspecifics was tested
in the field during the peak settlement period in 2004 in natural mussel beds across zones and through manipulative experiments
in the mid-zone where the species co-exist. On natural beds, settlement was determined by counts of settlers attached over
48 h onto artificial collectors. Collectors were placed on beds of P. perna and M. galloprovincialis present at both high- and low-adult densities, as well as in mixed beds. On such natural beds, settlers of both species consistently
favored low-zone P. perna beds. Settlement patterns over 24 h onto experimentally created mussel patches consisting of P.
perna, M. galloprovincialis or the two species combined beds, set in the mixed zone, did not conform with the results of the natural beds study: settlers
of both species settled with no discrimination among different patches. The results indicate that mussels, which are sedentary,
lack attraction to conspecifics at settlement. This highlights the importance of tidal height in setting settlement rates,
and of post-settlement events in shaping populations of these broadcast spawners. 相似文献
734.
Fast-growing macroalgae, including Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, respond rapidly to changes in nutrient conditions, particularly to short-term N supply. This ability to rapidly
take up and assimilate N contributes to the increasing occurrence of macroalgal blooms in heavily N loaded coastal ecosystems.
To determine whether long-term nutrient histories affect short-term responses in activity of N-assimilating enzymes, including
nitrate reductase (NRA) and glutamine synthetase activity (GSA), internal N storage, and macroalgal growth, we conducted an
in situ nitrate fertilization experiment between 7 and 22 July 2004, with fronds of U. lactuca collected from estuaries with high and low N loads in Waquoit Bay, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA (N 41° and W 70°). Initial
NRA, GSA, % N, δ15N, and growth of U. lactuca fronds were higher in the site where nitrate was in high supply. Differences in NRA persisted even after short-term experimental
enrichment. Differences in internal N pools, δ15N, and growth, in contrast, mirrored the changes of nutrient supply. The rate of turnover of the internal N content of U. lactuca was quite short (<2 d), and turnover of enzyme activity may have been even shorter. N isotopic fractionation by U. lactuca appeared to be of small magnitude, unlike the case of phytoplankton, and similar to that of vascular plants. δ15N was a better indicator of short-term response to external and internal nutrient supplies in U. lactuca than enzyme activity or N content, and may reliably detect rapid changes in N availability, source, and uptake and assimilation
processes. 相似文献
735.
We tested the prediction that lactating fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia will take prey of greater energy density with increasing distance of foraging from the colony. The study
investigated the differences in diet of fur seals foraging within two regions, one near the breeding colony and the other
at greater distance. Diet varied significantly in relation to foraging location. Dietary items of low quality were eaten in
both regions but more food items with a high-energy content appeared in the diet of seals travelling to distant oceanic waters.
We conclude that there is likely to be a trade-off between energy gain and distance travelled which enables female fur seals
to maintain a relatively constant rate of energy delivery to their offspring irrespective of the distance travelled to find
food. 相似文献
736.
Radon has been determined in soil, groundwater, and air in Mexico, both indoors and outdoors, as part of geophysical studies
and to estimate effective doses as a result of radon exposure. Detection of radon has mainly been performed with solid-state
nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) and, occasionally, with active detection devices based on silicon detectors or ionization
chambers. The liquid scintillation technique, also, has been used for determination of radon in groundwater. The adjusted
geometric mean indoor radon concentration (74 Bq m−3) in urban developments, for example Mexico City, is higher than the worldwide median concentration of radon in dwellings.
In some regions, particularly hilly regions of Mexico where air pollution is high, radon concentrations are higher than action
levels and the effective dose for the general population has increased. Higher soil radon levels have been found in the uranium
mining areas in the northern part of the country. Groundwater radon levels are, in general, low. Soil-air radon contributing
to indoor atmospheres and air pollution is the main source of increased exposure of the population. 相似文献
737.
A. Triantafyllidis I. Leonardos I. Bista I. D. Kyriazis M. Th. Stoumboudi I. Kappas F. Amat T. J. Abatzopoulos 《Marine Biology》2007,152(5):1159-1167
The purpose of this study was to determine the phylogeographic structure of the brackish-hypersaline cyprinodont fish Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821), using sequencing and RFLP analysis of a 1,330 bp mitochondrial DNA segment containing part of the 16S
rRNA gene as well as the genes for tRNA-Leu, NADH subunit 1 and tRNA-Ile. Individuals were collected from 13 different sites
in Greece and Turkey, while seven published A. fasciatus sequences were also included to cover the area of distribution of the species. Pairwise sequence divergence values ranged
from 0 to 4.51%. Congruent phylogenies were recovered with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods.
All analyses revealed two main groups. The first group consists of populations from almost all localities that drain into
the Aegean Sea. The second group comprises the remaining population samples, which in some cases seem to consist of population-specific
subgroups. Our results show that vicariant events have predominantly affected the evolution of A. fasciatus, with the Messinian salinity crisis having shaped the present genetic structure of its populations. Additionally, the life-history
traits of the species, which determine a low potential for dispersal, coupled with the typical fragmentation of brackish-hypersaline
water habitats have led to a high degree of isolation of A. fasciatus populations, even at restricted spatial scales. Analysis of the partitioning of the total amount of polymorphism with analyses
of molecular variance (AMOVA) gave a value of F
ST = 84.6%. Potential conservation policies concerning A. fasciatus should also consider the low-genetic variability in the majority of its populations and the presence of fixed haplotypes
in some of them. 相似文献
738.
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study, a novel bead form IPN type resin comprising poly (2-Dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate and carboxymethyl chitosan networks with a high dye... 相似文献
739.
Widyarsana I Made Wahyu Rahayu Made Ari Indra 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):2051-2064
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aims to identify the amount of solid waste generation, composition, and characteristics of the Buleleng sub-district waste. The results... 相似文献
740.
M. I. Silva H. D. Burrows S. J. Formosinho L. Alves A. Godinho M. J. Antunes D. Ferreira 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):143-149
Advanced oxidation processes, such as photocatalysed oxidation, provide an important route for degradation of wastes. In this
study, the lowest excited state (3MLCT) of Ru(bpy)32+ is used to break down chlorophenol pollutant molecules to harmless products. This has the advantage of using visible light
and a short-lived catalytically active species. Photolysis of deaerated aqueous solutions of a variety of mono- and poly-substituted
chlorophenols has been followed in the presence of Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82− with near visible light (λ > 350 nm) by UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, luminescence, potentiometry, NMR and HPLC techniques.
Upon irradiation, a decrease is observed in the chlorophenol concentration, accompanied by the formation of Cl−, H+ and SO42− ions as the main inorganic products. Benzoquinone, phenol, dihydroxybenzenes and chlorinated compounds were the dominant
organic products. As the ruthenium(II) complex is regenerated in the reaction, the scheme corresponds to an overall catalytic
process. The kinetics of the rapid chlorophenol photodechlorination has been studied, and are described quite well by pseudo-first
order behaviour. Further studies on this were made by following Cl− release with respect to the initial Ru(bpy)32+ and S2O82− concentrations. A comparison is presented of the photodechlorination reactivity of the mono and polychlorophenols studied
at acidic and alkaline pH. 相似文献