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排序方式: 共有626条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides are persistent, semivolatile contaminants whose global circulation is now well established. One of their ultimate sink is the bio- and geo-phases in the deep-sea. We have investigated the distribution of selected PCBs and pesticides with depth and longitude in various deep-sea fish, namely black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris) and Bathysaurus ferox from Madeira, Sesimbra, the Meriadzec Terrace and Rockall Trough in the North Eastern Atlantic at 1000 m depth, and at 2000 m depth where available. In most species, males presented higher levels of contamination than females. This pattern was probably due to the females eliminating contaminants through egg production. Roundnose grenadier presented higher levels of contamination (mainly p,p'-DDE, CB 153, 138, 180, sigmaCB(24) and p,p'-DDT) in fish caught at 2000 m than at 1000 m depth. Similarly, B. ferox, which is found deeper than the other species studied, showed much higher levels of most CBs and pesticides (lipid normalised) than the other species. Concentrations were up to 10 times higher, and showed differences between water masses. 相似文献
112.
Microwave plasma conversion of volatile organic compounds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ko Y Yang G Chang DP Kennedy IM 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(5):580-585
A microwave-induced, steam/Ar/O2, plasma "torch" was operated at atmospheric pressure to determine the feasibility of destroying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of concern. The plasma process can be coupled with adsorbent technology by providing steam as the fluid carrier for desorbing the VOCs from an adsorbent. Hence, N2 can be excluded by using a relatively inexpensive carrier gas, and thermal formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) is avoided in the plasma. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the technical feasibility of destroying VOCs from gas streams by using a commercially available microwave plasma torch and to examine whether significant byproducts were produced. Trichloroethene (TCE) and toluene (TOL) were added as representative VOCs of interest to a flow that contained Ar as a carrier gas in addition to O2 and steam. The O2 was necessary to ensure that undesirable byproducts were not formed in the process. Microwave power applied at 500-600 W was found to be sufficient to achieve the destruction of the test compounds, down to the detection limits of the gas chromatograph that was used in the analysis. Samples of the postmicrowave gases were collected on sorbent tubes for the analysis of dioxins and other byproducts. No hazardous byproducts were detected when sufficient O2 was added to the flow. The destruction efficiency at a fixed microwave power improved with the addition of steam to the flow that passed through the torch. 相似文献
113.
This paper reviews the experience and status of coastal aquaculture of seaweeds, mollusks, fish and crustaceans in eastern Africa and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. In many respects, coastal aquaculture is still in its infancy in the region, and there is a pressing need to formulate development strategies aimed at improving the income and assuring the availability of affordable protein to coastal communities. This paper also draws from positive and negative experiences in other parts of the world. The requirements of feed and fry, and the conversion of mangroves are used to illustrate how some aquaculture activities constitute a net loss to global seafood production. The paper presents both general and specific sustainability guidelines based on the acknowledgement of aquaculture as an ecological process. It is concluded that without clear recognition of its dependence on natural ecosystems, the aquaculture industry is unlikely to develop to its full potential in the region. 相似文献
114.
It has been shown that strategic planning for countryside recreation may be based on an inadequate level of empirical information regarding countryside recreational activity. Questionnaire surveys provide most of the available data and the limitations of these are discussed. A methodology for investigating recreational activity is proposed and tested in Mid Wales using the observation of discrete areas of randomly selected Ordnance Survey 1 km grid squares. The results illustrate the type of countryside resource that is being used, the activities undertaken and the number of people involved. It is concluded that observation is a valuable tool in understanding the nature of recreation in the wider countryside. 相似文献
115.
116.
The distribution and enrichment of selected trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) in benthic sediments of the Southport
Broadwater, a semi-enclosed coastal body of water adjacent to the Gold Coast city, south-eastern Queensland, Australia, was
studied with the objective of assessing the extent and degree of sediment contamination. Sediment samples from the 0–10 cm
and 10–20 cm depth intervals of 32 sites within the Southport Broadwater and surrounding residential canals were analysed
for particle size distribution, pH, organic C and ‘near-total’ major (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn) and trace (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn)
metal contents. Sediment contamination for each trace metal was assessed by (1) comparison with Australian sediment quality
guidelines, (2) calculation of the index of geoaccumulation based on regional background values, and (3) geochemical normalisation
against Al (i.e. the abundance of alumino-silicate clay minerals). Based on this approach, the results indicate that submerged
sediments in the study area are not presently enriched with Cd, Cr or Ni, with the spatial distribution of these metals being
very well explained by the abundance of alumino-silicate clay minerals. However, several sites were strongly enriched with
Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn, arising from sources related to either urban runoff or vessel maintenance activities. The study indicates
that several varying approaches are needed for a satisfactory assessment of contaminant enrichment in estuarine sediments. 相似文献
117.
Hasti Daraei Kimia Toolabian Ian Thompson Guanglei Qiu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(2):19
118.
Ronald Fuge Ian M. S. Laidlaw William T. Perkins Kerry P. Rogers 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1991,13(2):70-75
The many abandoned base metal mines of the mid-Wales ore field are sources of extensive pollution. Some of the mineralised veins contain large amounts of pyrite and marcasite and oxidative weathering of these produces sulphuric acid resulting in very acidic mine drainage waters. In addition, the spoil tips associated with these mines can contain abundant iron sulphides. Drainage waters from these sources have pH values as low as 2.6 and are heavily contaminated with metals such as Al, Zn, Cd and Ni.Two of the main rivers of the area, the Rheidol and Ystwyth, intercept heavily contaminated acidic drainage which has a marked effect on water quality. The Rheidol contains over 100 g L–1 Zn for 16 km downstream of the acid water influx. This level is over three times the recommended EEC limit for Zn in salmonoid waters of low hardness. 相似文献
119.
Ian M. Picketts Jean Andrey Lindsay Matthews Stephen J. Déry Susan Tighe 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(4):1109-1120
Transport infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to climate impacts as it is designed for long operational lives, and both episodic and seasonal conditions contribute to deterioration, disruption and unsafe incidents. There are some examples of adaptation in transportation design, but many communities do not have the capacity to incorporate climate change considerations into infrastructure planning and management. Researchers worked closely with the City of Prince George, in Central British Columbia, Canada, to build on existing work and explore how the City could plan, design, and maintain roads and other structures to account for climate change. A local steering committee was formed, and created and evaluated 23 potential research topics. Two focus areas were selected for further investigation and explored during a workshop with practitioners, researchers, consultants and other representatives. The workshop precipitated an investigation of projected impacts of climate change on road maintenance and road safety, and plans to explore alternative paving techniques. Outcomes of the case study provide insights regarding climate change and local transportation infrastructure, including: how researchers can engage with local experts to explore adaptation; issues local governments perceive as important; and barriers communities face as they attempt to address vulnerabilities. 相似文献
120.
Ian D. Leith Lucy J. Sheppard David Fowler J. Neil Cape Matt Jones Alan Crossley Ken J. Hargreaves Y. Sim Tang Mark Theobald Mark R. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):207-218
Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH3 inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH3 fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH3 from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s?1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH3 concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH3 flux chamber system, the relationships between NH3 concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH3 concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH3 concentration from 11 s m?1 at 3.0 μg m?3 to 30 s m?1 at 30 μg m?3. The NH3 concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH3 deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH3 concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed. 相似文献