活性污泥1#数学模型(ASM1)中的组分

活性污泥l#数学模型(AMl)常常用于预测污水处理厂中的生物过程。活性污泥数学模型组分的鉴定对活性污泥l#数学模型的应用具有重要的意义。本文描述了在活性污泥l#模型(ASMl)中污水组分的概念,以及组分鉴定的研究现状。     

西部大开发要加强生态环境保护和建设

在实施西部大开发进程中,对原本生态环境十分脆弱的现状必须予以重视,切实加强生态环境保护与建设。     

圆锥形零件冲压成形过程分析

通过分析圆锥形零件变形毛坯上不同部分在成形中的作用,揭示了该类零件的冲压成形特点,得出了悬空侧壁部分的变形状态是该类零件成形的关键,而径向拉应力是实现侧壁部分成形的必要条件,同时也是这部分冲压成形成败的关键。为此,经力学分析得出了侧壁部分径向拉应力的解析式和造成圆锥形零件破裂的最大径向拉应力的计算式,为进一步研究提供了理论基础。     

超塑成形定时凸轮塑料模型腔

此文介绍了采用Zn-22％Al超塑合金超塑成形出一般加工方法难以制造的定时凸轮塑料注射模型腔,具有周期短、成本低、质量高等特点。     

Rural women and agrotourism in the context of sustainable rural development: A case study from Turkey

As in many developing countries also in Turkey, agriculture is on the center of rural development and rural women are on the center of agriculture. Although they are main part as a major labor force at every stage of agricultural activity and undertake responsibilities such as domestic task and childcare, women do not profit from social and economic benefits proportionate to the responsibilities they have undertaken. Agrotourism is an alternative activity in the rural development process, which combines agriculture and tourism, improves natural resources, contributes the rural area socially and economically. The aim of this study is to examine the participation conditions of rural women to the agrotourism activities, which is considered as an option in the context of sustainable rural development, and to identify the possible social and economic implications of agrotourism on the rural women’s life, after determining the situation and importance of rural women in the agricultural activity. This research was carried out in three villages of Kalecik district of Ankara and data gathered from group meetings and surveys.     

乐山市核单位环境放射性水平的调查分析

乐山市为全省核单位较多的地区之一.其环境陆地γ辐射剂量率、土壤、水体中放射性核素含量或元素浓度均接近于地区直水平.说明对环境无显著性影响.     

Contrasting structure and composition of the understory in species-rich tropical rain forests

In large samples of trees > or = 1 cm dbh (more than 1 million trees and 3000 species), in six lowland tropical forests on three continents, we assigned species with >30 individuals to one of six classes of stature at maturity (SAM). We then compared the proportional representation of understory trees (1-2 cm dbh) among these classes. The understory of the three Asian sites was predominantly composed of the saplings of large-canopy trees whereas the African and American sites were more richly stocked with trees of the smaller SAM classes. Differences in class representation were related to taxonomic families that were present exclusively in one continent or another. Families found in the Asian plots but not in the American plot (e.g., Dipterocarpaceae, Fagaceae) were predominantly species of the largest SAM classes, whereas families exclusive to the American plots (e.g., Melastomataceae sensu stricto, Piperaceae, and Malvaceae [Bombacacoidea]) were predominantly species of small classes. The African plot was similar to Asia in the absence of those American families rich in understory species, while similar to America in lacking the Asian families rich in canopy species. The numerous understory species of Africa were chiefly derived from families shared with Asia and/or America. The ratio of saplings (1-2 cm dbh) to conspecific canopy trees (>40 cm dbh) was lower in American plots than in the Asian plots. Possible explanations for these differences include phenology, moisture and soil fertility regimes, phyletic constraints, and the role of early successional plants in forest development. These results demonstrate that tropical forests that appear similar in tree number, basal area, and the family taxonomy of canopy trees nonetheless differ in ecological structure in ways that may impact the ecology of pollinators, dispersers, and herbivores and might reflect fundamental differences in canopy tree regeneration.     

地震液化引起的地面大变形对桥梁桩基的影响研究综述

根据国内外文献资料,主要就地震高烈度区液化引起的地面侧向大变形对桥梁桩基的影响的研究现状进行分析,总结了地面大变形引起的震害情况、液化诱发地面大变形的机理及液化大变形的预测方法、桥梁桩基的震害和液化大变形对桥梁桩基的影响、桥梁桩基抗地面大变形的措施,以及存在问题和研究思路。     

城市垃圾填埋场的沉降研究

通过对位于上海老港填埋场的3000 m2试验场(垃圾填埋高度4 m,填入垃圾10800 t)历时880 d的沉降监测,根据垃圾在填埋场中的降解机理,建立了反映填埋场沉降规律的数学模型,证明了模型的可靠性。研究表明,填埋场的第二阶段沉降(由于垃圾的生物降解而产生的)与填埋时间的指数呈线性关系。根据沉降规律,上海老港填埋场完成大约79%的第二阶段沉降,才能处于高稳定化状态。     

酸雨对土壤营养元素迁移转化的影响

针对近年来北方一些城市大气污染严重并导致部分月份出现酸雨,及酸雨对主要营养元素产生影响的实际情况,通过模拟pH=5.6的酸雨的淋溶实验,对土壤营养元素迁移转化规律作了较深入的研究。结果表明,土壤中硝态氮质量分数随土壤深度的增加而呈下降的趋势;土壤中速效磷、速效钾对酸雨不敏感;拟合出在土壤表层(<5 cm)、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm的不同深度,硝态氮随时间变化的迁移规律方程。