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101.
Ivan Viegas Sónia Cotrim Marques Filipa Bessa Ana Lígia Primo Filipe Martinho Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro Miguel ?ngelo Pardal 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):33-43
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the life cycle dynamics of the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.) in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, a habitat located near the southern edge of the range of this species in European waters.
The phenology of all life stages was documented (from the occurrence of ovigerous females, developing embryos, planktonic
larvae and benthic post-larvae), and migration patterns of larvae into and out of the estuary were examined. Temperature-dependent
functions of egg and larval development were combined with data on field abundance to predict the timing and magnitude of
occurrence of larvae and recruits. Compared to brown shrimp at higher latitudes, southern conspecifics grow slower, mature
earlier and have smaller brood sizes, and larvae have a more protracted settlement period. The Mondego estuary, besides acting
as nursery area, is a dynamic platform for C. crangon to use in different stages, sizes and seasons. 相似文献
102.
Huijbers CM Nagelkerken I Lössbroek PA Schulten IE Siegenthaler A Holderied MW Simpson SD 《Ecology》2012,93(1):46-55
Habitat-specific cues play an important role in orientation for animals that move through a mosaic of habitats. Environmental cues can be imprinted upon during early life stages to guide later return to adult habitats, yet many species must orient toward suitable habitats without previous experience of the habitat. It is hypothesized that multiple sensory cues may enable animals to differentiate between habitats in a sequential order relevant to the spatial scales over which the different types of information are conveyed, but previous research, especially for marine organisms, has mainly focused on the use of single cues in isolation. In this study, we investigated novel habitat selection through the use of three different sensory modalities (hearing, vision, and olfaction). Our model species, the French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, is a mangrove/seagrass-associated reef fish species that makes several habitat transitions during early life. Using several in situ and ex situ experiments, we tested the response of fish toward auditory, olfactory, and visual cues from four different habitats (seagrass beds, mangroves, rubble, and coral reef). We identified receptivity to multiple sensory cues during the same life phase, and found that different cues induced different reactions toward the same habitat. For example, early-juvenile fish only responded to sound from coral reefs and to chemical cues from mangroves/seagrass beds, while visual cues of conspecifics overruled olfactory cues from mangrove/seagrass water. Mapping these preferences to the ecology of ontogenetic movements, our results suggest sequential cue use would indeed aid successful orientation to novel key habitats in early life. 相似文献
103.
Alexander M. Panichev Ivan V. Seryodkin Yuri N. Kalinkin Raisa A. Makarevich Tatiana A. Stolyarova Alexander A. Sergievich Pavel P. Khoroshikh 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(4):1299-1316
The mineral and chemical composition of the liquid and lithogenous substances, consumed by the wild ungulate animals, at the kudurs of the Teletskoye Lake, Gorny Altai, Russia, was studied. It was investigated that all examined kudurits are argillous-aleurolitic and get in the interval from 1 to 100 μm with the predominance of the fraction 10 μm. By the mineral composition, the lithogenous kudurits present the quartz-feldspathic-hydromicaceous-chloritic mineral formations with the large content of the quartz particles (20–43%) and sodium-containing plagioclases (albite, 15–32 wt%). The lithogenous kudurits are the products of the reconstitution of the metamorphic cleaving stones as a result of the glacier abrasive effect, subsequent its aqueous deposits and then eolation in the subaerial conditions. The fontinal waters consumed at the kudurs are subsaline chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium and sulphated-hydrocarbonate-calcium types. It essentially differs by the increased content of rare-earth elements in reference to the lake water. The acid (HCl, pH-1) extracts from the kudurits more actively extract calcium (10–35% of the gross contents; sodium extracts at the level of 1–3%). The most fluent in the microelements composition are Cu, Be, Sr, Co, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y and rare-earth elements. The transit of all these elements into the dissoluted form fluctuates about 10% from the gross contents. The reason of geophagy is related to tendency of herbivores to absorb mineralized subsoils enriched by the biologically accessible forms of rare-earth elements, arisen as a result of vital activity of specific microflora. 相似文献
104.
Robert Šakić Trogrlić Grant B. Wright Adebayo J. Adeloye Melanie J. Duncan Faidess Mwale 《Environmental Hazards》2018,17(2):107-127
Current flood risk strategies in Malawi are characterized by community-based flood risk management (CB-FRM), even though studies explicitly documenting evidence of successful CB-FRM remain limited. This paper investigates the realities and challenges of CB-FRM as seen through a lens of different stakeholders. In order to capture the experiences of CB-FRM, a predominantly qualitative research framework was developed. In 2016, 11 focus group discussions with stakeholder groups (local communities, local government and non-governmental organisations) were held. Additionally, informal discussions, field visits, a short survey and an extensive desk study were undertaken. The findings were analysed according to the major themes that emerged related to the realities and challenges of specific stakeholder groups. Although response and relief still remain prominent components of CB-FRM in Malawi, a number of mitigation and preparedness activities is observed. However, a lack of in-country resources, relief-oriented aid approaches and an ‘aid dependency’ syndrome represent obstacles. Different stakeholder groups share similar challenges in terms of financing, participation, decentralised governance and project management. Lack of project sustainability and localised ownership also emerged as major challenges. The identified challenges shed light on the frontiers and directions in which improvements are needed, thus offering a valuable contribution to the existing knowledgebase. 相似文献
105.
Ryoko Fujiyoshi Yukihide Haraki Takashi Sumiyoshi Hikaru Amano Ivan Kobal Janja Vaupotič 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):73-82
Radon (222Rn) and carbon dioxide were monitored simultaneously in soil air under a cool-temperate deciduous stand on the campus of Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Japan. Both 222Rn and CO2 concentrations in soil air varied with atmospheric (soil) temperature in three seasons, except for winter when the temperature
in soil air remained constant at 2–3°C at depth of 80 cm. In winter, the gaseous components were influenced by low-pressure
region passing through the observation site when the ground surface was covered with snow of ~1 m thickness. Carbon isotopic
analyses of CO2 suggested that CO2 in soil air may result from mixing of atmospheric air and soil components of different origins, i.e. CO2 from contemporary soil organic matter and old carbon from deeper source, to varying degrees, depending on seasonal meteorological
and thus biological conditions. 相似文献
106.
Distribution and availability of potentially toxic metals in soil in central area of Belgrade,Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rabia Ahmed Ghariani Ivan Gržetić Mališa Antić Snežana Nikolić Mandić 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):261-269
Belgrade, capital city of Serbia, has over 1,600,000 inhabitants and over 400,000 vehicles trafficking every day on its streets.
The investigation of soil pollution was performed by sequential extraction analysis to investigate the availability of potentially
toxic metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) under different oxidation and pH conditions. All investigated metals were
mainly extracted from soils with neutral or acidic extractants. Serious pollution was observed along roads and streets with
high traffic frequency, but Pb and Ni pollution was the highest since their concentrations exceed both soil Serbian standard
and Canadian guidance values and is characteristic for all investigated sites. Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn concentrations are moderately
high since they are between Canadian guideline and Serbian standard. 相似文献
107.
Małgorzata Pośniak Ivan Makhniashvili Ewa Kozieł Joanna Kowalska 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):17-26
Identification and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Diesel exhaust in the working environment and assessment of workers’ occupational exposure to these suspected human carcinogens were the aim of this experimental investigation.The range of exposure factors calculated on the basis of 9 individual PAH concentrations determined in personal air samples shows that time-averaged concentration of these compounds did not exceed the Polish Maximum Admissible Concentration (MAC) value for PAHs, that is, 2 μg·m–3. The highest concentrations of PAHs were determined in the breathing zone of forklift operators. The maximum exposure factor was 0.427 μg·m–3 (about 1/4 of MAC). 相似文献
108.
Darko Palačić 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):205-213
This article contains the results of research into the impact of implementation of the requirements mentioned in Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 to reduce the number of injuries at work and the financial costs incurred in this way. The study was conducted on a determined sample by a written questionnaire survey method in the Republic of Croatia. The objective of the empirical research is to determine the impact of implementation of the requirements of Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 to reduce the number of injuries at work and financial costs in Croatia in business organizations that implement these requirements. To provide a broader picture, the research included the collection and analysis of data on the impact of the Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 on accidents and fatalities at work. Research findings are based on the analysis of performed statistical data where correlation and regression analysis has been applied. 相似文献
109.
This paper presents daily, monthly and yearly variations of PAH mass concentrations measured in PM(10) particle fraction, collected at one measuring site in Zagreb air between 2001 and 2004, and seasonal differences in PAH mass concentrations in PM(10) samples collected from 21 March 2003 to 20 March 2004. Twenty-four hour samples were taken in the northern residential part of Zagreb using a low-volume (50 m(3)) sampler and glass or quartz filters. The analysis was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and fluorescence detector with changeable excitation and emission wavelength. The annual average mass concentrations over the four-year measuring period for BaP ranged from 1.17 ng/m(3) in 2004 to 1.87 ng/m(3) in 2003 and were below the limit value (2 ng/m(3)) set by the Ordinance on Recommended and Limit Air Quality Values in Croatia. The highest concentrations of all PAHs measured in PM(10) samples collected from 21 March 2003 to 20 March 2004 were found in the winter and the lowest in the summer. Winter average of BaP was 2.94 ng/m(3) and summer average 0.12 ng/m(3). Autumn average was 2.76 ng/m(3) and was very similar to winter concentrations. Spring average of 0.58 ng/m(3) was higher than the summer average (0.12 ng/m(3)). Mass concentrations of all measured PAHs were much higher in the autumn than in the spring. Although annual averages for BaP did not exceed the limit value, autumn and winter BaP mass concentrations did, which calls for measures for reducing PAH emissions in the autumn and winter. 相似文献
110.
Exploitation of certain resources within a protected area on a sustainable basis could contribute to higher living standards
of rural people, particularly those in poor countries, and decrease conflicts between these populations and park authorities.
This article presents data from a case study of Kopaonik National Park (NP), Serbia, which is a park with natural resources,
most notably bilberries, which have always been relied on by local people. Vaccinium myrtillus traditionally has been collected for decades in Kopaonik NP and used by local people. However, little is known about the
socioeconomic and ecological relations that affect the collection and use of this species. The aim of the present study was
to understand how local people collect bilberries in Kopaonik NP and what their attitudes toward the park are. Household questionnaire
data were used to examine how local people collect bilberries and how to improve the relations between local people and NP
authorities. The survey questionnaire included 52 households from 7 local communities, and we applied a purposive sampling
strategy. In addition, expert interviews were conducted, and from these data we obtained a broader understanding of the relation
between local people and NP authorities. The results indicate that in Kopaonik NP, there is a conflict between pickers and
NP authorities. Sustainable management should be directed toward the protection of bilberries. Education of local people is
a key element in the sustainable collection and protection of natural resources. 相似文献