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91.
Male red frog crabs, Ranina ranina, were collected year round in 1990 and 1991 off Hachijojima for histological study of the reproductive system and cycle. The testis containing the lobules and seminiferous ducts is surrounded by connective tissue. The seminiferous duct connects to the anterior end of the vas deferens, which can be histologically divided into three portions similar to one another in appearance. It was surrounded by fibrous connective tissue, muscle fibrils and columnar epithelium. Muscle fibrils were absent in the anterior portion. Multiple sperm masses were not formed in the vas deferens and ejaculatory duct, but the sperm mass was covered with a capsule composed of two layers. The outer layer of the capsule was periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-positive, but the inner layer was negative. Both layers were Alcian Blue negative, except the vacuoles in the outer layer that were stained blue. The small round androgenic gland was attached to the posterior end of the vas deferens of the coxa of the eighth thoracic appendage. The ejaculatory duct was distinguishable from the vas deferens by the absence of columnar epithelium and the presence of thick longitudinal muscle fibers. Spermatogenesis was histochemically examined. The acrosomal vesicle appeared to be derived from PAS-positive vesicles in the cytoplasm of the spermatid at the early stage of spermiogenesis. The arms were positive to the Feulgen reaction and the subacrosomal region was negative to PAS. Seasonal changes in reproductive cycle were inconspicuous histologically and microscopically. Sperm were always present in the testis and vas deferens throughout the year and occupied 5.1 to 19.6% of testis observed in cross sections. The minimum size of maturity is less than 39 mm carapace length, but the minimum size capable of successful mating was estimated to be ca. 55 mm. 相似文献
92.
Han B Jafarpour B Gallagher VN Imhoff PT Chiu PC Fluman DA 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2006,26(4):344-355
Seven pilot-scale partitioning gas tracer tests (PGTTs) were conducted to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of this method for measuring water in municipal solid waste landfills. Tests were conducted in the same location over a 12-month period, and measured moisture conditions ranged from possible dry waste to refuse with a moisture content of 24.7%. The final moisture content of 24.7% was in reasonable agreement with gravimetric measurements of excavated refuse, where the moisture content was 26.5+/-6.0 CI%. Laboratory tests were used to assess the utility of the PGTT for measuring water in small pores, water sorbed to solid surfaces, and the influence of dry waste on PGTTs. These experiments indicated that when refuse surfaces are not completely solvated with water, PGTTs may produce misleading results (negative estimates) of water saturation and moisture content. 相似文献
93.
Hsiu-Mei Chiang Hua-Hsien Chiu Yen-Ming Lai Ching-Yen Chen Hung-Lung Chiang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(18):2240-2247
Carbonyls emitted from essential oils can affect the air quality when they are used in indoors, especially under poor ventilation conditions. Lavender, lemon, rose, rosemary, and tea tree oils were selected as typical and popular essential oils to investigate in terms of composition, thermal characteristics and fifteen carbonyl constituents. Based on thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, the activation energy was 7.6–8.3 kcal mol?1, the reaction order was in the range of 0.6–0.7 and the frequency factor was 360–2838 min?1. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propionaldehyde were the dominant carbonyl compounds, and their concentrations were 0.034–0.170 ppm. The emission factors of carbonyl compounds were 2.10–3.70 mg g?1, and acetone, propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde accounted for a high portion of the emission factor of carbonyl compounds in essential oil exhaust. Some unhealthy carbonyl species such as formaldehyde and valeraldehyde, were measured at low-temperature during the vaporization of essential oils, indicating a potential effect on indoor air quality and human health. 相似文献
94.
Comparison of the expectations of residents and rescue providers of community emergency medical response after mudslide disasters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The integration of community resources is critical for emergency response. A thorough understanding of a community's requirements in advance is essential. This study examines communities that suffered mudslide disasters, and discusses expectations of the emergency medical response provided to the community from the perspectives of residents and rescue groups. The questionnaire used in the study was designed to adopt the Likert Scale for quantification purposes. Its content was divided into six categories based on emergency response. Both residents and rescue providers acknowledged that finance and reimbursement were the highest priority. Public information was regarded as the least important by both groups. Significant differences existed between the groups on patient care activities and supportive activities (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), which were more appreciated by residents. We conclude that residents had higher expectations of evacuation, temporary relocation, lodging, food, and sanitary management than the rescue groups. 相似文献
95.
Local residents may have different views on disaster‐response modes depending on their cultural and socioeconomic background. The purpose of this study was to examine Taiwan residents' opinions on the Incident Command System (ICS). We performed a structured survey through face‐to‐face interviews in mudslide‐affected communities. Quantitative analysis showed that the residents exhibited a clear preference for the ICS core‐principle attributes of ‘integrated communications’, ‘transfer of command’ and ‘modular organisation’. By contrast, the residents tended towards a non‐ICS approach for ‘incident action plan’ and ‘manageable span of control’. Qualitative analysis revealed an uncertain attitude towards ‘transfer of command’ and ‘incident action plan’. Community acceptance is important in the promotion of the ICS. A better understanding of residents' preferences should be acquired through a broader community survey, allowing us to understand perspectives on the ICS among different societies and facilitate implementation of the ICS at the basic community level. 相似文献
96.
Huang DJ Chiu YW Chen CM Huang KH Wang SY 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(3):335-341
In this study we found many amphibians with bizarre appearances, known as malformations in Pingtung County southern Taiwan. For this investigation we collected frogs inhabiting the Kaoping and Tungkang river watersheds between February 2006 and June 2007. Among the total number of 10,909 normal frogs (i.e., anurans) collected during the investigation period, the Indian rice frogs (Rana limnocharis) account for the greatest number next is the Chinese bullfrog (Rana rugulosa). Of all the 244 captured malformed frogs, the Indian rice frog account for the greatest proportion. These malformed frogs have their main distribution in upstream areas of these two rivers. Our result indicates that the appearance rate of malformed frogs is 1.8% in the upstream reaches of the Kaoping River and 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively in the upstream and midstream reaches of the Tungkang river. The most-commonly-found malformation is the lack of palms, followed by the lack of appendages, exostosis, and a malformed appendicular. It is, therefore, reasonable to speculate that the causes for the malformation may be related to the increased organic pollutants and agricultural chemicals used in the upstream reaches of these two rivers. 相似文献
97.
Quantification and modelling of 2,4-dinitrotoluene reduction with high-purity and cast iron 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cast iron has been used as a reactive material in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for site remediation. While reactions are generally believed to occur on the iron (oxide) surface, a recent study by [Oh, S.Y., Cha, D.K., Chiu, P.C., 2002a. Graphite-mediated reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with elemental iron. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (10), 2178-2184] showed that graphite inclusions in cast iron can also serve as reaction sites for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). These authors also found that graphite-mediated reduction of DNT has a regioselectivity that is different from that for iron surface. In this study, we quantified the observations reported by Oh et al. and examined the role of graphite in cast iron through numerical modelling. Models containing one and two reaction sites were developed to evaluate the mass transfer, sorption and reaction rates for DNT reduction in batch systems containing high-purity and cast iron. Our simulations showed that the regioselectivity, defined as the ratio of the ortho- and para-nitro reduction rate constants, was 0.37+/-0.04 S.E. (S.E.=one estimated standard error) for iron surface and 3.59+/-0.76 S.E. for graphite surface. In the cast iron-water system, we estimated that at least 66+/-2% S.E. of the DNT was reduced on graphite surface, despite the low graphite content and the lower DNT reduction rate with graphite than with iron. Graphite played such an important role because of the rapid adsorption of DNT to graphite. In the batch experiments conducted by Oh et al., external mass transfer was not rate limiting. Surface reaction was the rate-limiting step for DNT reduction on the graphite surface in cast iron, whereas internal mass transfer and/or adsorption and surface reaction were important for high-purity iron. 相似文献
98.
Catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with up to four fused benzene rings over high-density-polyethylene-stabilized palladium nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide via in situ UV/Vis spectroscopy is presented. PAHs can be efficiently converted to saturated polycyclic hydrocarbons using this green technique under mild conditions at 20 MPa of CO2 containing 1 MPa of H2 at 40-50 °C. Kinetic studies based on in situ UV/Vis spectra of the CO2 phase reveal that the initial hydrogenation of a given PAH and the subsequent hydrogenations of its intermediates are pseudo-first-order. The hydrogenation rate of the latter is always much smaller than that of the former probably due to increasing steric hindrance introduced by the hydrogenated benzene rings of PAHs which impedes the adsorption process and hydrogen access to PAHs on catalyst surfaces. 相似文献
99.
Wei-Ming Chiu Hsuan-Yuan Kuo Peir-An Tsai Jyh-Horng Wu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(2):350-358
This work prepared poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composites using a solution blend method, and investigated the influence of the physical properties of PLA/SWCNTs composites. In order to enhanced interfacial interactions between PLA and SWCNTs, the purified SWCNTs were given functionalisation treatments with a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture. These acid-treated SWCNTs (A-SWCNTs) were then grafted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (A-SWCNTs-Si). When these functionalized SWCNTs were used to fill the PLA matrix, the fractured surface of composite does not present the pullout phenomenon. The dimensional stability obviously increased by a factor of approximately 72. The storage modulus was also significantly improved. The surface resistivity of the PLA/SWCNTs composites decreased from 1 × 1016 to 2.22 × 104 Ω/cm2. 相似文献
100.
Technologies such as thermal, oxidative, reductive, and microbial methods for the remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have previously been reviewed. Based on energy consumption, formation of PCDD/F, and remediation efficiency, reductive methods have emerged as being advantageous for remediation of PCBs. However, many new developments in this field have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, reductive technologies published in the last decade related to remediation of PCBs will be reviewed here. Three categories, including catalytic hydrodechlorination with H2, Fe-based reductive dechlorination, and other reductive dechlorination methods (e.g., hydrogen-transfer dechlorination, base-catalyzed dechlorination, and sodium dispersion) are specifically reviewed. In addition, the advantages of each remediation technology are discussed. In this review, 108 articles are referenced. 相似文献