硫酸铝渣去除水中磷研究

分别以蒸馏水和太湖水为例,研究了硫酸铝渣去除水中磷的能力,并分析了其对水体Al3+、SO24-以及pH的影响.结果表明:(1)除太湖水pH为9.0、10.0两种条件外,随着磷平衡浓度的增加,硫酸铝渣除磷量趋于某一定值,其规律符合Langmuir吸附等温式;太湖水pH为9.0、10.0两种条件下,硫酸铝渣除磷量符合Fre...     

长江水体溶解有机质与金属离子作用污染分析

将万州区牌楼段的长江水与金属离子混合,通过测定荧光光谱得出,在金属离子质量浓度较低(1.0×10-7 mg/mL)时,长江水中的腐殖质与金属离子发生螯合作用而使荧光强度降低,而在更高浓度时,则由于吸附/解吸作用而使荧光强度增强.三维荧光谱图的测定结果表明,金属离子浓度的大小决定了其与腐殖质的基团反应类型.实验结果表明,...     

湿法脱硫系统运行中存在问题探讨

分析了石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中烟气系统、吸收塔系统、石灰石系统、石膏脱水系统、废水处理系统等在运行中存在问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Building resilience to water scarcity in southern Spain: a case study of rice farming in Doñana protected wetlands

Agricultural water management needs to evolve in view of increased water scarcity, especially when farming and natural protected areas are closely linked. In the study site of Doñana (southern Spain), water is shared by rice producers and a world heritage biodiversity ecosystem. Our aim is to contribute to defining adaptation strategies that may build resilience to increasing water scarcity and minimize water conflicts among agricultural and natural systems. The analytical framework links a participatory process with quantitative methods to prioritize the adaptation options. Bottom-up proposed adaptation measures are evaluated by a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) that includes both socioeconomic criteria and criteria of the ecosystem services affected by the adaptation options. Criteria weights are estimated by three different methods—analytic hierarchy process, Likert scale and equal weights—that are then compared. Finally, scores from an MCA are input into an optimization model used to determine the optimal land-use distribution in order to maximize utility and land-use diversification according to different scenarios of funds and water availability. While our results show a spectrum of perceptions of priorities among stakeholders, there is one overriding theme that is to define a way to restore part of the rice fields to natural wetlands. These results hold true under the current climate scenario and even more so under an increased water scarcity scenario.     

巢湖低温高效聚磷菌的筛选及其特性

采用低温富集培养及混合平板分离技术,从巢湖底泥中分离筛选得到2株在低温下仍具有较高效能的菌株D3、D6,经过厌氧/好氧交替培养,2种菌株在低温下(8℃)的除磷率均达到80%以上。在低温下,研究了p H、微量元素对2株菌株生长及除磷率的影响,实验结果表明,2株菌都具有广泛的温度适应性,适宜其生长和除磷的p H为中性偏碱,微量元素的缺乏对2株菌株的生长和除磷效果有不同程度的不良影响。染色观察显示,厌氧培养时菌体内聚羟基丁酸(PHB)颗粒明显增多,转为好氧培养后异染颗粒增多,为典型的聚磷菌特征。经鉴定,2株菌均属假单胞菌属。     

若尔盖近55年热量资源分析

利用1957～2011 年若尔盖气象观测站的逐日气温资料,分析了该地区日平均气温稳定通过0℃的初日、终日、持续日数、活动积温的年际变化, 对活动积温进行突变检验。研究表明：若尔盖≥0℃的初日提前的趋势并不明显;终日呈显著延后趋势;持续日数呈明显增加趋势。活动积温变化呈十分显著的增加趋势,1997年为积温增加的突变年,1998～2011年是热量和持续日数增加幅度最大的时期。1998～2011年若尔盖≥0℃的各不同保证率对应的持续日数均大于1957～1997年对应的持续日数,即初日提前,终日推迟,活动积温也明显增加     

水下公路隧道纵向疏散通道加压送风系统研究

为研究水下公路隧道纵向疏散通道加压送风系统的关键设计参数,结合纵向疏散通道的特点,借鉴一般建筑加压送风系统的设计要求,提出了纵向疏散通道内加压送风量的计算方法,并通过数值模拟方法对纵向疏散通道加压送风系统进行了研究。结果表明,利用风速法计算得到的送风量比压差法计算得到的结果大20倍左右,并且压差法计算送风量时受疏散口缝隙宽度影响较大,工程适用性差。通过数值模拟可知,疏散通道内的送风风速达到1.5m/s时即能够满足人员安全疏散要求,这与风速法计算的结果一致。研究结果可供采用纵向疏散模式的隧道疏散通道加压送风系统设计参考。     

An approach to sustainable development: the case of Cuba

This paper analyzes the Cuban model of sustainable development and explains the causes that made Cuba the only country that meets the conditions of sustainability according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF). The Human Development Index has three main components: quality of life (health indicator measured as life expectancy at birth), knowledge (education indicator measured as adult literacy) and the standard of life (economic indicator measured by the Gross Domestic Income). This paper analyses the aspects of the educational and health system of Cuba and also of its energy policies that explain the excellent scores of the Human Development Index. Cuba shows a Human Development Index of 0.8 with an Ecological Footprint of 1.8?gha. This is achieved with a Gross Domestic Income lower than other countries with similar Human Development Index. The Ecological Footprint of Cuba is mainly determined by the CO₂ and the agricultural land footprint. The paper shows how the economic transition, after the economic crisis of the early 1990s, was realized without significantly increasing the Ecological Footprint.     

大运行体系下变电站运行画面远程调阅方法的实现

为实现电网“调控一体化”建设所需的“变电站运行画面远程调阅”应用业务,对电子式切换器、远方终端、图形网关、第三方应用软件4种常见实现方式进行了分析,总结对比了其优缺点。分析结果表明:第三方应用软件、图形网关2种方式更适合“变电站运行画面远程调阅”应用业务的需求。     

鲮（Cirrhinus molitorell）入侵长江水系的可能性探讨

鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella〗）是分布于我国华南地区的一种热带、亚热带鱼类,历史上未曾分布于长江水系。鲮食性广、性成熟时间短,繁殖量大,但不耐低温。2010年10月,对长江宜昌江段鱼类资源调查中发现了一种非长江水系土著种的野鲮亚科鱼类。基于鳞片、鳍条、口器、腮耙等特征鉴定为鲮（C. molitorella）。进一步结合鲮的生物学特征和长江水温及水生态环境状况对鲮的进入途径和成为入侵鱼类的可能性进行了初步的探讨,并对其成为入侵鱼类的危害和防治进行了初步讨论。