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101.
Pathak H Bhatia A Prasad S Singh S Kumar S Jain MC Kumar U 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,77(2):163-178
Nitrous oxide (N2O) accounts for 5%of the total enhanced greenhouse effect and responsiblefor the destruction of the stratospheric ozone. The rice-wheat cropping system occupying 26 million ha ofproductive land in Asia could be a major source ofN2O as most of the fertilizer N in this region isconsumed by this system. Emission of N2O asinfluenced by application of urea, urea plus farm yardmanure (FYM), and urea plus dicyandiamide (DCD), anitrification inhibitor, was studied in rice-wheatsystems of Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Total emissionof N2O-N from the rice-wheat systems varied between654 g ha-1 in unfertilized plots and 1570 g ha-1 in urea fertilized plots. Application of FYM and DCDreduced emission of N2O-N in rice. The magnitude ofreduction was higher with DCD. In wheat also N2O-Nemission was reduced by DCD. FYM applied in rice had noresidual effect on N2O-N emission in wheat. In riceintermittent wetting and drying condition of soilresulted in higher N2O-N emission than that ofsaturated soil condition. Treatments with 5 irrigationsgave higher emissions in wheat than those with 3irrigations. In rice-wheat system, typical of a farmer'sfield in Indo-Gangetic plains, where 240 kg N isgenerally applied through urea, N2O-N emission is1570 g ha-1 (0.38% of applied N) and application ofFYM and DCD reduced it to 1415 and 1096 g ha-1,respectively. 相似文献
102.
The measurements of aircraft-induced noise levels in some residential areas in the capital city of India were carried out in the month of April and May, 1996. Four areas were chosen which were located underneath the flight path. It has been found that average increase in noise levels over and above the background levels is more than 20 dBA except in case of the most distant site where it is 11 dBA. A good correlation has been found between average peak noise levels (dBA) and the population response in terms of annoyance. 相似文献
103.
In India, rain water and atmospheric aerosols are observed to bealkaline in nature due to the influence of soil-derivedparticles which are rich in components like Ca and Mg. Thesecomponents increase the neutralization potential of rain waterand have a greater influence at rural site compared to urbansite. However, if there are continuous rains, the concentrationof crustal components becomes lower resulting in lower pH ofrain water. Unlike the characteristics of rain water oncontinent, the pH of rain water has been observed to be acidicin all the events over the Indian Ocean during Pre-campaigns ofIndian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). The possible reason for acidicrains over Indian Ocean could be the anthropogenic contributionfrom continent transported by NE winds coming towards the oceanduring this period. 相似文献
104.
Randhir K. Bharti Dolly W. Dhar Radha Prasanna Anil Kumar Saxena 《International Journal of Green Energy》2018,15(1):45-52
Generation of biodiesel from microalgae has been extensively investigated; however, its quality is often not suitable for use as fuel. Our investigation involved the evaluation of biodiesel quality using a native isolate Chlorella sorokiniana MIC-G5, as specified by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), after transesterification of lipids with methanol, in the presence of sodium methoxide. Total quantity of lipids extracted from dry biomass, of approximately 410–450 mg g?1 was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. After transesterification, the total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were 43% and 57%, respectively. The major FAMEs present in the biodiesel were methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1), and methyl linoleate (C18:2), and the 1H NMR spectra matched with criteria prescribed for high-quality biodiesel. The biodiesel exhibited a density of 0.873 g cm–3, viscosity of 3.418 mm2 s?1, cetane number (CN) of 57.85, high heating value (HHV) of 40.25, iodine value of 71.823 g I2 100 g?1, degree of unsaturation (DU) of 58%, and a cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of –5.22°C. Critical fuel parameters, including oxidation stability, CN, HHV, iodine value, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, and viscosity were in accordance with the methyl ester composition and structural configuration. Hence, C. sorokiniana can be a promising feedstock for biodiesel generation. 相似文献
105.
A total of 20 soil samples were collected from mining and non-mining areas of coal field regions of Dhanbad, India. These samples were grown on different types of selective media and a total of 141 isolates, each having plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics were obtained. The isolates were further tested for PGP traits (phosphate solubilisation, production of indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and siderophores) and a biochemical analysis was done to determine the prevalent species of the region. All the strains selected showed at least two PGP characteristics, which indicated that they can be used as plant growth promoters. Bacillus and Pseudomonas species were prevalent in both mining and non-mining areas, whereas Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Azotobacter were found mostly in the non-mining area. A total of 48 Bacillus, 29 Pseudomonas, 4 Rhizobium, 11 Azospirillum and 10 Azotobacter species were obtained from the two selected regions. The soil samples from the mining region were poor in nutrient content and thus relatively lower numbers of PGP isolates were attained. 相似文献
106.
Pradeep Jain Timothy G. Townsend Thabet M. Tolaymat 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(12):2560-2569
The key parameters for designing a horizontal source (horizontal trenches, infiltration ponds, infiltration galleries or blankets) for steady state are the rate liquids can be added to the source, the lateral and vertical extents of the zone of impact of the source, and the liquids volume needed to wet the waste within the zone of impact at steady state. This paper presents charts that a designer can use to estimate these key parameters as functions of source dimensions, injection pressure, and municipal solid waste properties (porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and anisotropy) for designing a new or analyzing an existing horizontal source system for liquids addition to landfilled waste. SEEP/W was used to model liquids flow from a horizontal source in a range of conditions practically encountered for such systems. The governing equation (Richard’s equation) and the boundary conditions were analyzed to formulate dimensionless variables by normalizing the design parameters (flow rate, injection pressure, the lateral zone of impact, injection pressure, and the added liquids volume) with the waste properties and source dimensions. The simulation results were transformed to the respective dimensionless forms and presented in design charts to estimate the key design parameters as functions of the source dimensions, waste properties, and injection pressure. The presentation of the modeling results in the dimensionless form facilitates their use beyond the conditions modeled. A solved example is presented to demonstrate the use of the design charts. The approach presented in the paper should be considered as approximate and designers should use their judgement and experience when using these charts for designing a horizontal liquids addition system for a specific site. 相似文献
107.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposures to cadmium and lead can cause oxidative stress, leading to tissue damage resulting in kidney and cardiovascular diseases. The antiaging... 相似文献
108.
Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is attributed to trans-anastomotic transfusion between twins. Anastomoses are ubiquitous in monochorionic (MC) placentae, yet TTTS develops in only 15%. Although ex vivo and in vivo studies fail to identify a unique anastomotic signature, TTTS placentae are typically associated with an imbalance in unidirectional arteriovenous anastomoses with absent bidirectional anastomoses. Doppler detection of an artery-artery anastomosis reduces the chance of TTTS, whereas, in those that develop the disease, it improves stage-independent survival. Selective laser is often curative, but an increasingly recognized risk of persistent or reverse TTTS may be attributable to atypical arteriovenous anastomoses not identifiable from the chorionic plate. Simple dysvolaemia fails to explain several phenotypic features, including haematological concordancy, recipient hypertension, and reversibly absent end diastolic flow in the donor. The renin-angiotensin system is upregulated in the donor and downregulated in the recipient's kidneys, while paradoxically raised renin levels in the recipient may contribute to raised afterload along with endothelin. Although research is limited in humans by therapy and the lack of a suitable experimental model, further studies of placental and vascular pathophysiology may not only refine current treatment modalities but may also, in addition, suggest further avenues for downstream management such as genetic predisposition testing or pharmacological intervention. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
110.
Stavroula Leka Aditya Jain Maria Widerszal-Bazyl Dorota Żołnierczyk-Zreda Gerard Zwetsloot 《Safety Science》2011,49(7):1047-1057
The nature of work has changed dramatically due to globalisation, migration, technological advances and the emergence of the knowledge-based economy. These changes have been accompanied by the increased prevalence of new and emerging types of risk to workers’ health and safety, such as psychosocial risks. This paper reviews the key regulatory and voluntary standards on occupational health and safety of relevance to the management of psychosocial risks in the workplace that are applicable to the European Union member states. The review indicates that regulatory standards set the minimum level of protection for workers and voluntary standards may further enable organisations to go beyond their legal obligations. However, the review also highlights that the terms ‘stress’ and ‘psychosocial risks’ are not mentioned explicitly in most pieces of legislation leading to lack of clarity on the terminology used. While voluntary standards seek to address this, very few provide specific guidance on the process of psychosocial risk management to enable organisations to manage psychosocial risks successfully. On the basis of the review, the case for the development of a voluntary standard for psychosocial risk management is presented. The paper further discusses the recent development of such a standard and its implications at the European level. 相似文献