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693.
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov Glenn W. Stratton James Pincock Stephanie Butler Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova Nedko K. Nedkov Patrick D. Gerard 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(7):2160-2164
A container experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that uncomposted wool wastes could be used as nutrient source and growth medium constituent for container-grown plants. The treatments were: (1) rate of wool-waste application (0 or unamended control, 20, 40, 80, and 120 g of wool per 8-in. pot), (2) growth medium constituents [(2.1) wool plus perlite, (2.2) wool plus peat, and (2.3) wool plus peat plus perlite], and (3) plant species (basil and Swiss chard). A single addition of 20, 40, 80, or 120 g of wool-waste to Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in pots with growth medium provided four harvests of Swiss chard and five harvests of basil. Total basil yield from the five harvests was 1.6–5 times greater than the total yield from the unamended control, while total Swiss chard yield from the four harvests was 2–5 times greater relative to the respective unamended control. The addition of wool-waste to the growth medium increased Swiss chard and basil tissue N, and NO3–N and NH4–N in growth medium relative to the unamended control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis of wool fibers sampled at the end of the experiments indicated various levels of decomposition, with some fibers retaining their original surface structure. Furthermore, most of the wool fibers’ surfaces contained significant concentrations of S and much less N, P, or K. SEM/EDX revealed that some plant roots grow directly on wool-waste fibers suggesting either (1) root directional growth towards sites with greater nutrient concentration and/or (2) a possible role for roots or root exudates in wool decomposition. Results from this study suggest that uncomposted wool wastes can be used as soil amendment, growth medium constituent, and nutrient source for container-grown plants. 相似文献
694.
James C.Schwab 《生态毒理学报》2001,23(1):22-25
工业化国家和发展中国家的城市规划,都在变得越来越具有综合性,把城市生活的各种要素如经济发展、交通、娱乐和能源消费等等的环境功能结为一体 .多目标城市管理的目的是将政府在提高环境质量、社会公正和经济繁荣等方面所做的每一项努力而取得的积极成果能够最大限度地产生综合效应 .实现某一狭窄政策领域的一个目标而忽视决策的其它影响,从长远来看现在不再是可接受的,尽管曾经认为是好的规划 . 相似文献
695.
Jingqiu Mao Xinrong Ren Shuang Chen William H. Brune Zhong Chen Monica Martinez Hartwig Harder Barry Lefer Bernhard Rappenglück James Flynn Michael Leuchner 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(33):4107-4115
Both similarities and differences in summertime atmospheric photochemical oxidation appear in the comparison of four field studies: TEXAQS2000 (Houston, 2000), NYC2001 (New York City, 2001), MCMA2003 (Mexico City, 2003), and TRAMP2006 (Houston, 2006). The compared photochemical indicators are OH and HO2 abundances, OH reactivity (the inverse of the OH lifetime), HOx budget, OH chain length (ratio of OH cycling to OH loss), calculated ozone production, and ozone sensitivity. In terms of photochemical activity, Houston is much more like Mexico City than New York City. These relationships result from the ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are comparable in Houston and Mexico City, but much lower in New York City. Compared to New York City, Houston and Mexico City also have higher levels of OH and HO2, longer OH chain lengths, a smaller contribution of reactions with NOx to the OH reactivity, and NOx-sensitivity for ozone production during the day. In all four studies, the photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are significant, if not dominant, HOx sources. A problematic result in all four studies is the greater OH production than OH loss during morning rush hour, even though OH production and loss are expected to always be in balance because of the short OH lifetime. The cause of this discrepancy is not understood, but may be related to the under-predicted HO2 in high NOx conditions, which could have implications for ozone production. Three photochemical indicators show particularly high photochemical activity in Houston during the TRAMP2006 study: the long portion of the day for which ozone production was NOx-sensitive, the calculated ozone production rate that was second only to Mexico City's, and the OH chain length that was twice that of any other location. These results on photochemical activity provide additional support for regulatory actions to reduce reactive VOCs in Houston in order to reduce ozone and other pollutants. 相似文献
696.
Paul Scott Paul Brown Julia Verne Jody James Alistair Gordon Joyshri Sarangi Jonathan A. C. Sterne 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(2):297-308
This ecological study aimed, through the analysis of 1,146 wards in the South West of England (1998–2002), firstly, to examine
whether chemical incidents and public casualties are more likely near complex industry (emissions to land, air or water: Integrated
Pollution Control industry, IPC) or industry with emissions to air only (Local Air Pollution Control industry, LAPC). Secondly,
the study examined whether industry, incidents and casualties are found close to deprivation. Social inequalities were examined
across quintiles of wards. Fifty-two wards (4.5%) contained an IPC industry and 712 (62.1%) an LAPC. Incidents occurred in
132 wards (11.5%), with casualties in 59 (5.1%). Chemical incidents occurred more frequently in wards with LAPC (152, IPC
20); the same was true of casualties (211, 12). With each additional LAPC site in a ward, the risk of an incident rose by
22% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–38%), suggesting a dose–response relationship. No clear social inequalities were found.
In the South West of England, the public are more likely to be affected by an incident occurring at a simple LAPC site rather
than a complex IPC site. This has implications for emergency planning which, at present, focusses most attention on the larger,
more complex IPC sites. 相似文献
697.
Static magnetic field (SMF) therapy delivered by permanent magnets is being used as a self-care intervention by millions of
people worldwide, despite a paucity of clinical research confirming or refuting therapeutic effectiveness. Evaluating the
reported results of SMF clinical trials is difficult because researchers use heterogeneous dosing regimens, unreliable sham
controls, and questionable blinding strategies. Three important methodological challenges need to be contended with when conducting
and interpreting SMF studies: optimization of SMF dosimetry, use of a believable physiologically inert sham, and assurance
of participant blinding in unsupervised settings. Our objectives in writing this review are to describe ten essential SMF
dosing parameters that need to be reported in SMF clinical trials and to discuss sham controls and blinding procedures for
SMF studies. 相似文献
698.
We propose to bridge the domains of positive health and leadership. We suggest that a “positive” health model helps explain highly effective leadership. The leader must strive for health and facilitate health in his/her followers. We look at leadership through this new and positive lens, that of “positive” health promotion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
699.
James J. Lavelle Joel Brockner Mary A. Konovsky Kenneth H. Price Amy B. Henley Aakash Taneja Vishnu Vinekar 《组织行为杂志》2009,30(3):337-357
Research on commitment, procedural fairness, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) suggests that employees maintain distinct beliefs about, and direct behaviors towards, multiple targets in the workplace (e.g., the organization as a whole, their supervisor, and fellow workgroup members). The present studies were designed to test for “target similarity effects,” in which the relationships between commitment, procedural fairness, and OCB were expected to be stronger when they referred to the same target than when they referred to different targets. As predicted, we found that: (1) the positive relationship between commitment and OCB, and (2) the mediating effect of commitment on the positive relationship between procedural fairness and OCB, was particularly likely to emerge when the constructs were in reference to the same target. Support for these target similarity effects was found among layoff survivors (Study 1) and student project teams (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as are limitations of the studies and suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
700.
Liem T. Tran C. Gregory Knight Robert V. O'Neill Elizabeth R. Smith Kurt H. Riitters James Wickham 《Environmental management》2001,29(6):845-859
A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region. Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable to future deterioration. The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental policies. 相似文献