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61.
Luděk Bartoš Jitka Bartošová Jan Pluháček Jana Šindelářová 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(8):1567-1572
Based on questionnaires from horse breeders, we found that bringing a pregnant mare which had been mated away from home into
a vicinity of a familiar male who was not the father of her foetus increased probability of pregnancy disruption. These mares
aborted in 31% of cases, while none of those mated within the home stable aborted. Repeated sexual activity either by a stallion
or dominant gelding from the normal home group was observed shortly after the mare came from away-mating. Pregnant mares isolated
from home males by a fence were even seen soliciting them over the fence. We speculate that, once returned to the home “herd”,
and introduced to familiar males, mares were more likely to terminate their pregnancy to save energy and avoid likely future
infanticidal loss of their progeny by dominant male(s) of the home social group. This is a newly discovered phenomenon where
a mare manipulates the male’s paternity assessment by promiscuous mating. It may explain a common increased incidence of foetal
loss in domestic horses occurring in nearly 40% of pregnancies. We conclude that the common practice of transporting the mare
for mating and then bringing her back to an environment with males, stallions or geldings, which did not sire the foetus,
is the main cause of high percentages of pregnancy disruption in domestic horses. 相似文献
62.
Daria Schurmann Jana Collatz Steffen Hagenbucher Joachim Ruther Johannes L. M. Steidle 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(3):383-391
Associative learning of host-associated chemical cues was studied in Nasonia vitripennis, a parasitoid of fly pupae in nests of hole-nesting birds. When females encountered a fly pupa and performed one sequence
of host recognition behaviour including drilling the ovipositor into the host in the presence of the artificial odour furfurylheptanoate
(FFH), they were afterwards arrested by FFH in olfactometer experiments. The response vanished after 4 days and could be blocked
after 3 days by feeding wasps with ethacrynic acid prior and after the training. This indicates the formation of an intermediate
form of memory by one host experience in N. vitripennis. Interestingly, the trained wasps avoided odours that were not present during the host encounter, although naive wasps did
not react to these odours. This unique behaviour probably causes wasps to focus during host searching on those chemical cues
they have experienced in the host environment. Studies in nests of hole-nesting birds revealed that about 30% of all nests
contained only one fly pupa, and laboratory studies showed that N. vitripennis females are able to parasitise around 100 fly pupae in their life. It is discussed that under these conditions, the formation
of a non-permanent intermediate memory for host-associated odours after one host encounter is adaptive to avoid costs involved
with formation and maintenance of memory for misleading cues. The demonstration of associative olfactory learning in N. vitripennis, the first parasitoid species with sequenced genome, opens the gate to study molecular mechanisms of memory formation and
its ecological adaptation in parasitoids. 相似文献
63.
Many Eastern European countries suffer the lack of data on concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the environmental matrices. This absence of information is preventing the local authorities from taking the adequate actions to protect the people and environment. This is even more alarming in the countries recently affected by the wars where the chemicals released to the environment during the military operations can cause a significant ecological damage and health effects on the population. A potential of passive air sampling technique as a tool capable of providing seasonally and spatially resolved information about the local sources and levels of contamination was explored in this study as a first step to the establishment of a cost-effective long-term monitoring in this area. The passive air samplers proved to be a powerful technique capable of detecting the concentrations ranging over four orders of magnitude providing the information very comparable with the conventional techniques. 相似文献
64.
Effie A. Greathouse Jana E. Compton John Van Sickle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1383-1400
Red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen(N)‐fixing deciduous broadleaf tree, can strongly influence N concentrations in western Oregon and Washington. We compiled a database of stream N and GIS‐derived landscape characteristics in order to examine geographic variation in N across the Oregon Coast Range. Basal area of alder, expressed as a percent of watershed area, accounted for 37% and 38% of the variation in summer nitrate and total N (TN) concentrations, respectively. Relationships between alder and nitrate were strongest in winter when streamflow and landscape connections are highest. Distance to the coast and latitude, potential surrogates for sea salt inputs, and watershed area were also related to nitrate concentrations in an all‐subsets regression analysis, which accounted for 46% of the variation in summer nitrate concentrations. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion did not include developed or agricultural land cover, probably because few watersheds in our database had substantial levels of these land cover classes. Our results provide evidence, at a regional scale, that background sources and processes cause many Coast Range streams to exceed proposed nutrient criteria, and that the prevalence of a single tree species (N‐fixing red alder) exerts a dominant control over stream N concentrations across this region. 相似文献
65.
Jana Tremlová Vladan Golka Radka Babková Jana Najmanová Pavel Tlustoš 《Chemistry and Ecology》2016,32(10):919-936
The ability of plant species to accumulate arsenic (As) species in the biomass from As-contaminated soils is variable. Among the plants widely grown at the As-contaminated locations, Plantaginaceae and Cyperaceae families belong to the frequent ones. In this study, the ability of Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae) and three wetland plant species representing the family Cyperaceae (Carex praecox, Carex vesicaria, and Scirpus sylvaticus) naturally occurring in the soils with an elevated As in the Czech Republic were investigated. The plants were cultivated under controlled conditions in an As-contaminated soil reaching 735?mg?kg?1 of the total As. The total As in plants reached up to 8.3?mg?kg?1 in leaves, and up to 155?mg?kg?1 in roots of C. praecox. Dominant As compounds were arsenite and arsenate with a small abundance of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in all the plant species. In Cyperaceae, small percentages of arsenobetaine (AB) and arsenocholine (AC) were detected, suggesting the ability of these plants to transform As into less toxic compounds. Moreover, the important role of As(V) sequestration on iron plaque on the root surface of Cyperaceae was confirmed. In this context, root washing with oxalic acid partially disrupted the iron plaque for the better release of arsenate. 相似文献
66.
67.
截至目前,环境中抗生素的行为及其对生态毒性的影响仍被忽视。这一课题的范畴是宽泛的,涉及到广泛的生物体,包括栖居在各种水生生态系统中的微生物,藻类,无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等。改变这种系统中任何一个组成的平衡破坏了整个系统的平衡。在人类和动物医学中,氟喹诺酮的制造和频繁使用引起了对微生物抗生素耐药性流行率增加的高度关注,而且,除此之外,通过各种途径进入环境生态系统的抗生素母体和代谢物化合物的归趋也引起了环境影响关注。相关研究集中在分析环境样品中氟喹诺酮的存留浓度,并且经常使用动物评估模型来测试急性毒性,但是仍然不清楚在水生环境中低水平慢性接触对生命形态的生态毒性影响中起什么作用。本综述的目的是评估氟喹诺酮在动物和人类医学中的使用水平,确定其传播的途径,突出在淡水环境中的生态毒理学影。
精选自Nicol Janecko, Lucie Pokludova, Jana Blahova, Zdenka Svobodova, Ivan Literak. Implications of fluoroquinolone contamination on the fresh water aquatic environment -A review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 35, Issue 11, pages 2647–2656, November 2016.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3552
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3552/full 相似文献
68.
Roman Schoula Jana Hajšloviá Pavel Gregor Vladimir Kocourek Vladimir Bencko 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):263-274
The persistence of lipophilic organochlorine substances leads to their incorporation into the food chain and subsequent uptake by humans. Due to their use in the past, Czech and Slovak countries belong to the countries with a relatively high body burden of organochlorines. Levels of PCBs in human tissues based on the congener‐specific analysis are reported in this paper. Samples were analysed for the most abundant PCB congeners. Prevalent persistent organochlorine pesticides and their isomers/metabolites have also been included. The present study is focused on following areas: i) distribution of analysed substances in the various human tissue samples from selected regions of the Czech and Slovak Republic and ii) comparison with the results from other foreign and local studies. 相似文献
69.
Grassi Patrícia Drumm Fernanda C. Spannemberg Stéfani S. Georgin Jordana Tonato Denise Mazutti Marcio A. Gonçalves Janaína O. Oliveira Marcos L. S. Dotto Guilherme L. Jahn Sérgio L. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10484-10494
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sugarcane bagasse, a largely available waste worldwide, was submitted to solid-state fermentation (SSF) using the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae,... 相似文献
70.
Martin Braniš Jana Kolomazníková 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(24):2865-2872
Personal exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter under 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was monitored using a DustTrak nephelometer. The battery-operated unit, worn by an adult individual for a period of approximately one year, logged integrated average PM2.5 concentrations over 5 min intervals. A detailed time-activity diary was used to record the experimental subject’s movement and the microenvironments visited. Altogether 239 days covering all the months (except April) were available for the analysis. In total, 60 463 acceptable 5-min averages were obtained. The dataset was divided into 7 indoor and 4 outdoor microenvironments. Of the total time, 84% was spent indoors, 10.9% outdoors and 5.1% in transport. The indoor 5-min PM2.5 average was higher (55.7 μg m?3) than the outdoor value (49.8 μg m?3). The highest 5-min PM2.5 average concentration was detected in restaurant microenvironments (1103 μg m?3), the second highest 5-min average concentration was recorded in indoor spaces heated by stoves burning solid fuels (420 μg m?3). The lowest 5-min mean aerosol concentrations were detected outdoors in rural/natural environments (25 μg m?3) and indoors at the monitored person’s home (36 μg m?3). Outdoor and indoor concentrations of PM2.5 measured by the nephelometer at home and during movement in the vicinity of the experimental subject’s home were compared with those of the nearest fixed-site monitor of the national air quality monitoring network. The high correlation coefficient (0.78) between the personal and fixed-site monitor aerosol concentrations suggested that fixed-site monitor data can be used as proxies for personal exposure in residential and some other microenvironments. Collocated measurements with a reference method (β-attenuation) showed a non-linear systematic bias of the light-scattering method, limiting the use of direct concentration readings for exact exposure analysis. 相似文献