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131.
Janusz Datta Kamila Błażek Marcin Włoch Radosław Bukowski 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(12):4415-4429
A new efficient method for the chemical decomposition of polyamide 6.6 by the glycolysis and amino-glycolysis processes was proposed. The glycolysis was conducted using the mass excess of ethylene glycol (EG) as a decomposing agent in the presence of a catalyst. Also, a mixture of EG and triethylenetetramine was used as another decomposing agent in the amino-glycolysis process. The described process of decomposition did not require the use of elevated pressure. The hydroxyl and amine numbers, rheology behavior and the presence of characteristic chemical groups in the obtained glycolysates and aminoglycolysates were determined in order to characterize the reaction products. The decomposition products were defined as non-Newtonian fluids that could be described by suitable mathematical models. The conducted studies showed that the properties of the obtained intermediates depend on the mass excess of the decomposing agent used. The resulting semi-products are suitable for reusing in the synthesis of polyurethanes, which has been confirmed by the exemplary synthesis. In the reaction, 10 and 15 wt% of commercial polyol were replaced with the recovered intermediates. 相似文献
132.
Anna Marszałek Grażyna Bartkowiak Anna Dąbrowska Sylwia Krzemińska Krzysztof Łężak Krzysztof Makowski 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(1):1-13
Mine rescuers’ heat load under the same physical effort load (25% of the maximal oxygen uptake), using three types of breathing apparatus, in newly developed heat-removing underwear and outerwear was assessed for typical work conditions of mine rescuers, under milder and harsher ambient conditions of 32 and 38?°C, respectively, both at relative humidity of 85% and air velocity of 1.0?m/s. Expending physical effort at the same load while using different kinds of breathing apparatus resulted in a similar heat load. Under both milder and harsher ambient conditions, heat storage and sweating intensity were greater than the average limit value recommended by hygienic standards, which indicates that the use of breathing apparatus significantly hinders heat exchange with the environment. The developed clothing for mine rescuers was highly rated, and was considered by most people to be better than that used currently. 相似文献
133.
Magdalena Foszpańczyk Emilia Drozdek Marta Gmurek Stanisław Ledakowicz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34968-34975
It is well established that aquatic wildlife in marine and freshwater of the European Union is exposed to natural and synthetic endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) which are able to interfere with the hormonal system causing adverse effects on the intact physiology of organisms. The traditional wastewater treatment processes are inefficient on the removal of EDCs in low concentration. Moreover, not only the efficiency of treatment must be considered but also toxicological aspects. Taking into account all these aspects, the main goal of the study was to investigate the photochemical decomposition of hazardous phenolic compounds under simulated as well as natural sunlight from the toxicity point of view. The studies were focused on photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol as well as mixture of phenol, 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Photosensitized oxidation process was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous system. V. fischeri luminescence inhibition was used to determine the changes of toxicity in mixture during simulated and natural irradiation. The photodegradation was carried out in three kinds of water matrix; moreover, the influence of presence of inorganic matter on the treatment process was investigated. The experiments with natural sunlight proved applicability of photosensitive chitosan for visible-light water pollutant degradation. The results of toxicity investigation show that using photosensitive chitosan for visible-light, the toxicity of reaction mixture towards V. fischeri has significantly decreased. The EC50 was found to increase over the irradiation time; this increase was not proportional to the transformation of the parent compounds. 相似文献
134.
Baran Agnieszka Tarnawski Marek Urbański Krzysztof Klimkowicz-Pawlas Agnieszka Spałek Iwona 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):23180-23195
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aims of the study were to investigate the concentration, sources and ecological risk of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in bottom... 相似文献
135.
Huszcza E Bartmańska A Anioł M Maczka W Zołnierczyk A Wawrzeńczyk C 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(8):1406-1410
Nine fungal strains related to: Trametes versicolor, Nigrospora oryzae, Inonotus radiatus, Crumenulopsis sororia, Coryneum betulinum, Cryptosporiopsis radicicola, Fusarium equiseti, Rhodotorula glutinis and Candida parapsilosis were tested for their ability to degrade humulones and lupulones. The best results were obtained for T. versicolor culture, in which humulones and lupulones were fully degraded after 4days of incubation in the dark or after 36h in the light. The experiments were performed on a commercial hop extract and on sterilized spent hops. 相似文献
136.
The aim of the project was to measure the actual emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) from four selected power plants in Poland in order to update the national inventory of PCDDs/PCDFs emission. Relatively low PCDDs/PCDFs as well as dl-PCBs concentrations in flue gas obtained in measurements in this study for four different circulated fluidized bed (CFB) boilers indicate practical absence of any hazards caused by PCDDs/PCDFs emission from these units. The results of PCDDs/PCDFs determination obtained in this study indicate that hard coal combustion in large CFB in the four central heating plants (CHP) is not a significant source of PCDDs/PCDFs emission to the environment even if operated by co-firing of waste coal. PCDDs/PCDFs concentration in flue gases as well as emission factors were recorded in the range of 0.012-0.060ngI-TEQ/m(n)(3) and 7.51-46.4mugI-TEQ/TJ, respectively. Dl-PCBs concentration was practically below the LOQ=0.006ng WHO-PCB TEQ/m(n)(3) in all experiments. HCB concentration as well as emission factors were recorded in the range of 11.5-42.0ng/m(n)(3) and 6.19-26.7mg/TJ, respectively, where the highest value was obtained for co-firing of waste coal, however. Obtained in this work emission factors will be used for national emission inventory purposes instead of the factors proposed by Toolkit or taken from previous measurements. However, consideration should be given to the fact that the measurements in most cases are related to single installations. Therefore, the need for further development of national factors for the power generation industry in Poland is desired. 相似文献
137.
Woodpeckers as Indicators of Forest Bird Diversity 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Grzegorz Mikusiski Maciej Gromadzki † and Przemyslaw Chylarecki† 《Conservation biology》2001,15(1):208-217
138.
The phytoextraction process was conducted under laboratory conditions with the use of garden cress plants (Lepidium sativum). The experiment was carried out in a model soil, which was characterized before conducting the process. Inorganic forms of mercury (HgCl(2), HgSO(4), Hg(NO(3))(2)) were used for contamination of the soil. The phytoextraction process was conducted after EDTA application to the soil and after urease application. Also the influence of simultaneous addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and urease into the soil on phytoextraction process was measured. In all variants of phytoextraction process the total mercury concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of garden cress were determined. The result showed that garden cress accumulated mercury from soil. The overall maximum concentration of mercury in its compounds was found in roots of the plant. In all cases, before addition of urease and EDTA, the translocation process and distribution of mercury in the plant tissues were limited. The addition of urease caused an increase of enzyme activity in the soil and at the same time caused an increase of mercury concentration in plant tissues. Application of EDTA increased solubility of mercury and caused an increase of metal accumulation by plants. After simultaneous addition of EDTA and urease into the soil garden cress accumulated about 20% of total mercury concentration in the soil. Most of mercury compounds were accumulated in leaves and stems of the plants (46.0-56.9% of total mercury concentration in the plant tissues). 相似文献
139.
Wojas S Ruszczyńska A Bulska E Wojciechowski M Antosiewicz DM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(3):584-592
Tobacco plants transformed with TaLCT1 were cultured on Knop's medium with modified calcium concentrations (0.01-3 mM) in the presence of Pb(2+), and in soil contaminated by lead. A 4-5 microM Pb(2+) administered in the presence of 1 mM Ca(2+) inhibited the root growth of transgenic plants to much lesser degree than of control plants, whereas in the presence of 3mM Ca(2+) no differences were found between the studied lines. The reduction of Pb(2+) toxicity in the presence of 1 mM Ca(2+) was not accompanied by a change in the lead tissue concentration. However, when Ca(2+) level in the medium was lowered to 0.01 mM, several fold higher root/shoot Pb ratio in transgenic plants was observed, twofold increase in the total amount of metal accumulated, and lower concentration of Pb in the xylem sap. Results suggest the involvement of TaLCT1 in the regulation of Ca-dependent Pb-detoxification, and under conditions of low calcium in lead uptake and distribution. 相似文献
140.
Evci ED Bilgin MD Akgör S Zencirci SG Ergiń F Beşer E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):471-477
Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine electromagnetic fields, electric fields, humidity, temperature, and illumination
levels in hairdresser salons located in the downtown area of Aydin, Turkey. Also some health problems which could be related
with the occupational factors are evaluated.
Materials and methods The study was carried out in 30 hairdresser salons, all of which had been registered within the past 5 years. Electric and
electromagnetic fields, illumination, temperature and humidity measurements were determined for hairdryers, hood hairdryers
and depilatory heaters in the participating salons. A brief questionnaire about characteristics and the health status of hairdressers
and workplace conditions was prepared and administered to the hairdressers at the salons.
Results The mean electric fields of hairdryers, hood hairdryers and depilatory heaters were determined as 518 ± 74, 1,123 ± 199, and
648 ± 146 in V/m, respectively, at 5 cm from the surface of each device. These appliances generate mean electromagnetic fields
in excess of 0.25 μT at 5 cm: hand-held hairdryers, 5.0 ± 0.7 μT; hood hairdryers, 1.6 ± 0.3 μT; and depilatory heaters 1.9 ± 0.6 μT.
Total average of cumulative electric and electromagnetic fields, measured at a distance of 90 cm from the surface of these
three devices was calculated to be 98.8 V/m and 0.5 μT, in the participating salons.
Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that physical environmental factors in the salons may be contributing to the health problems
of the hairdressers, and the electrical equipments in the workplaces may have cumulative electric and electromagnetic effects. 相似文献