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101.
Synthetic-based drilling muds (SBMs) offer excellent technical characteristics while providing improved environmental performance over other drilling muds. The low acute toxicity and high biodegradability of SBMs suggest their discharge at sea would cause minimal impacts on marine ecosystems, however, chronic toxicity testing has demonstrated adverse effects of SBMs on fish health. Sparse environmental monitoring data indicate effects of SBMs on bottom invertebrates. However, no environmental toxicity assessment has been performed on fish attracted to the cutting piles. SBM formulations are mostly composed of synthetic base oils, weighting agents, and drilling additives such as emulsifiers, fluid loss agents, wetting agents, and brine. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure to individual ingredients of SBMs on fish health. To do so, a suite of biomarkers [ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, biliary metabolites, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, DNA damage, and heat shock protein] have been measured in pink snapper (Pagrus auratus) exposed for 21 days to individual ingredients of SBMs. The primary emulsifier (Emul S50) followed by the fluid loss agent (LSL 50) caused the strongest biochemical responses in fish. The synthetic base oil (Rheosyn) caused the least response in juvenile fish. The results suggest that the impact of Syndrill 80:20 on fish health might be reduced by replacement of the primary emulsifier Emul S50 with an alternative ingredient of less toxicity to aquatic biota. The research provides a basis for improving the environmental performance of SBMs by reducing the environmental risk of their discharge and providing environmental managers with information regarding the potential toxicity of individual ingredients. 相似文献
102.
Jean-Charles Baritaux Anne-Catherine Simon Emmanuelle Schultz C. Emain P. laurent Jean-Marc Dinten 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(9):8184-8191
We report on our recent efforts towards identifying bacteria in environmental samples by means of Raman spectroscopy. We established a database of Raman spectra from bacteria submitted to various environmental conditions. This dataset was used to verify that Raman typing is possible from measurements performed in non-ideal conditions. Starting from the same dataset, we then varied the phenotype and matrix diversity content included in the reference library used to train the statistical model. The results show that it is possible to obtain models with an extended coverage of spectral variabilities, compared to environment-specific models trained on spectra from a restricted set of conditions. Broad coverage models are desirable for environmental samples since the exact conditions of the bacteria cannot be controlled. 相似文献
103.
Wilfried Sanchez Thierry Burgeot Jean-Marc Porcher 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):2721-2725
Multi-biomarker approaches are used to assess ecosystem health and identify impacts of environmental stress on organisms. However, exploration of large datasets by environmental managers represents a major challenge for regulatory application of this tool. Several integrative tools were developed to summarize biomarker responses. The aim of the present paper is to update calculation of the “Integrated Biological Response” (IBR) described by Beliaeff and Burgeot (Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1316–1322, 2002) to avoid weaknesses of this integrative tool. In the present paper, a novel index named “Integrated Biological Responses version 2” based on the reference deviation concept is presented. It allows a clear discrimination of sampling sites as for the IBR, but several differences are observed for contaminated sites according to up- and downregulation of biomarker responses. This novel tool could be used to integrate multi-biomarker responses not only in large-scale monitoring but also in upstream/downstream investigations. 相似文献
104.
Kiley Daley Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen Rob C. Jamieson Jenny L. Hayward Greg S. Piorkowski Wendy Krkosek Graham A. Gagnon Heather Castleden Kristen MacNeil Joanna Poltarowicz Emmalina Corriveau Amy Jackson Justine Lywood Yannan Huang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(33):32926-32937
Drinking water in the vast Arctic Canadian territory of Nunavut is sourced from surface water lakes or rivers and transferred to man-made or natural reservoirs. The raw water is at a minimum treated by chlorination and distributed to customers either by trucks delivering to a water storage tank inside buildings or through a piped distribution system. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and microbial drinking water quality from source to tap in three hamlets (Coral Harbour, Pond Inlet and Pangnirtung—each has a population of <2000) on trucked service, and in Iqaluit (population ~6700), which uses a combination of trucked and piped water conveyance. Generally, the source and drinking water was of satisfactory microbial quality, containing Escherichia coli levels of <1 MPN/100 mL with a few exceptions, and selected pathogenic bacteria and parasites were below detection limits using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods. Tap water in households receiving trucked water contained less than the recommended 0.2 mg/L of free chlorine, while piped drinking water in Iqaluit complied with Health Canada guidelines for residual chlorine (i.e. >0.2 mg/L free chlorine). Some buildings in the four communities contained manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and/or lead (Pb) concentrations above Health Canada guideline values for the aesthetic (Mn, Cu and Fe) and health (Pb) objectives. Corrosion of components of the drinking water distribution system (household storage tanks, premise plumbing) could be contributing to Pb, Cu and Fe levels, as the source water in three of the four communities had low alkalinity. The results point to the need for robust disinfection, which may include secondary disinfection or point-of-use disinfection, to prevent microbial risks in drinking water tanks in buildings and ultimately at the tap. 相似文献
105.
Jordan J. Schmidt Graham A. Gagnon Rob C. Jamieson 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(33):32952-32963
A stochastic ecological model with an integrated equilibrium temperature model was developed to predict microalgae growth and phosphorus removal in cold region waste stabilization ponds (WSPs). The model utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to account for parameter uncertainty. The equilibrium temperature model was parameterized using field data collected from two WSPs in Nunavut, Canada, from 2012 to 2014. The equilibrium temperature model provided good agreement with field data on a daily time step. The full model was run using historic (1956–2005) temperature and solar radiation data from five communities (Baker Lake, Cambridge Bay, Coral Harbour, Hall Beach, Resolute) in Nunavut, Canada. The communities represented a range of geographical locations and environmental conditions. Logistic regression on pooled model outputs showed that mean July temperature and mean treatment season temperature (June 1–September 15, ice-free period) provided the best predictors for microalgae growth. They had a predictive success rate of 93 and 88%, respectively. The modelled threshold (50% probability from the Monte Carlo simulation) for microalgae growth was 8.7 and 5.6 °C for the July temperature and mean treatment season temperature, respectively. The logistic regression was applied to each community (except Sanikiluaq) in Nunavut using historic climate data and a probability of microalgae growth was calculated. Based on the model results, soluble phosphorus concentrations consistent with secondary treatment could be achieved if WSP depth is less than 2 m. The model demonstrated a robust method to predict whether a microalgae bloom will occur under a range of model parameters. 相似文献
106.
Dupont J Clair TA Gagnon C Jeffries DS Kahl JS Nelson SJ Peckenham JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,109(1-3):275-292
The New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers (NEG/ECP) adopted the Acid Rain Action Plan in June 1998, and issued a series of action items to support its work toward a reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in northeastern North America. One of these action items was the preparation of an updated critical load map using
data from lakes in the NEG/ECP area. Critical load maps provide a more complete index of the surface water sensitivity to
acidification. Combined sulfur and nitrogen critical loads and deposition exceedances were computed using Henriksen's Steady-State
Water Chemistry (SSWC) model. Results show that 28% of all 2053 lakes studied have a critical load of 20 kg/ha/year or less,
making them vulnerable to acid deposition. Emission reductions, and more specifically SO2 emission reductions have proven beneficial because critical loads were exceeded in 2002 for 12.3% of all studied lakes. Those
lakes are located in the more sensitive areas where geology is carbonate-poor. Of these lakes, 2.9% will never recover even
with a complete removal of SO4 deposition. Recovery from acidification for the remaining 9.4% of the lakes will require additional emission SO2 reductions. 相似文献
107.
Jean-Pierre Bigot Abdellah Touil Patrick Bonnet Jean-Marc Lacme 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2005,18(4-6):433-442
Droplet size distribution inside water flashing jets and corresponding rain-out fraction were measured. Mass distribution showed that a few droplets are ‘large’ (d>150 μm) and count for more than 85% of the liquid mass in the jet because of their large individual mass. This could be due to incomplete thermal fragmentation. It could explain the rain-out falling near the orifice or pipe exit. 相似文献
108.
Elise Bouthry Olivier Picone Ghada Hamdi Liliane Grangeot-Keros Jean-Marc Ayoubi Christelle Vauloup-Fellous 《黑龙江环境通报》2014,34(13):1246-1253
Rubella is a mild viral disease that typically occurs in childhood. Rubella infection during pregnancy causes congenital rubella syndrome, including the classic triad of cataracts, cardiac abnormalities and sensorineural deafness. Highly effective vaccines have been developed since 1969, and vaccination campaigns have been established in many countries. Although there has been progress, the prevention and diagnosis of rubella remain problematic. This article reviews the implications and management of rubella during pregnancy. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
Seaweeds exhibit a number of adaptations to cope with strong selective pressures imposed by shallow marine environments. The exceptional ability of the annual, brown seaweed Desmarestia viridis, to produce and store high concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in intracellular vacuoles, makes it a particularly compelling model for studies of causes and consequences of acid production in seaweeds. We used two laboratory experiments, as well as measurements of intracellular pH of sporophytes and sea salinity and temperature over an entire growth season at one site in Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada), to test hypotheses about effects of salinity and temperature on acid production and die-off in D. viridis. We show that the acid is continuously and irreversibly accumulated (resulting in an intracellular pH as low as 0.53) as the seaweed grows from recruit to adult (March–June) and that this build-up inevitably culminates into dramatic mass releases of acid and die-offs. Progressive, synchronous death among individuals is under the predominant control of sea temperature (death systematically occurred around 12 °C in both laboratory and field), which suggests the evolution of a life-history strategy in which death occurs at a time when individuals reach a size that may correspond to reproductive maturity. The seaweed exhibits a low tolerance to changes in salinity (death was inevitable below 29 psu), which likely imposes severe limitations on its distribution range throughout its existence as a sporophyte. Our findings suggest that major phenological events and survival in D. viridis are intimately linked to synergistic effects of oceanographic controls, which either impair the ability of the seaweed to retain the acid in its tissues (seasonal sea warming), or contribute to dissipating the acid that is released to the environment (wave and current action). They also provide novel insights into the ecophysiological and evolutionary constraints within which marine organisms adapt. 相似文献
110.