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61.
Daniel E. Canfield Michael J. Maceina Jerome V. Shireman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(5):773-778
ABSTRACT Changes in water chemistry, water clarity, and planktonic chlorophyll a were measured as hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) abundance increased and then decreased in Lake Baldwin, Florida. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were used to eliminate submersed macrophytes. No major trends in lake pH, conductivity, or total nitrogen concentrations occurred in association with changes in hydrilla levels. Increased Secchi disc transparency and reductions in total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a concentrations occurred as hydrilla abundance increased. Large increases in the chemical parameters and a reduction in Secchi disc transparency occurred as hydrilla decreased and was eliminated from the lake by grass carp. The effects of hydrilla on lake water chemistry are related to the percentage of the lake's volume infested with hydrilla and macrophyte standing crop. 相似文献
62.
The quality of scientific information in policy-relevant fields of research is difficult to assess, and quality control in
these important areas is correspondingly difficult to maintain. Frequently there are insufficient high-quality measurements
for the presentation of the statistical uncertainty in the numerical estimates that are crucial to policy decisions. We propose
and develop a grading system for numerical estimates that can deal with the full range of data quality—from statistically
valid estimates to informed guesses. By analyzing the underlying quality of numerical estimates, summarized as spread and
grade, we are able to provide simple rules whereby input data can be coded for quality, and these codings carried through
arithmetical calculations for assessing the quality of model results. For this we use the NUSAP (numeral, unit, spread, assessment,
pedigree) notational system. It allows the more quantitative and the more qualitative aspects of data uncertainty to be managed
separately. By way of example, we apply the system to an ecosystem valuation study that used several different models and
data of widely varying quality to arrive at a single estimate of the economic value of wetlands. The NUSAP approach illustrates
the major sources of uncertainty in this study and can guide new research aimed at the improvement of the quality of outputs
and the efficiency of the procedures. 相似文献
63.
Robert P. Bukata J. Edward Bruton John H. Jerome William S. Haras 《Environmental management》1988,12(3):359-368
A conceptual mathematical model has recently been devised to assist environmental managers in predicting the impact on coastal marsh areas of long-term changes in water levels. The model considers such impact solely in terms of the geometry of the confining basin, the change in ambient water level, and the maximum depth for which bottom-rooted emergent vegetation is present. This model is applied to 17 shoreline marshes of various shapes in the Georgian Bay/North Channel region of the Great Lakes.Model outputs of predicted maximum and minimum marsh area subsequent to changes in long-term levels are compared to marsh areas measured from available historical air photos dating from 1935 to 1985. The results of such comparisons indicate that such a geometric model, despite its neglect of the biological complexities of marsh ecology, can serve as a valuable tool for assessing the range of impacts of both natural and man-made changes in long-term ambient water levels on shoreline marshes. 相似文献
64.
In the last three decades the Nigerian environment has experienced rapid degradation. A major contributory factor of this
phenomenon is the pattern of socioeconomic development in the country that gives little or no consideration to environmental
outcomes. An aspect of this development is the economic policy of removal of subsidies on petroleum products initiated in
1986 as a result of the worsening economic situation in the country which begun in the early 1980s. The result of this is
that prices of commercial fuels inclusive of kerosene and LPG (cooking gas) have continued to rise beyond the reach of majority
of the Nigerian population. The paper examines the effect of increasing prices of petroleum-derived energy sources on the
pattern of energy use for cooking in low and middle-income households and the environmental implication in Ibadan, the largest
truly indigenous urban centre in sub-Saharan Africa. Results show that prior to the further subsidy removal of 1993, majority
of households sampled used kerosene for cooking. Thereafter, a complete or partial switch in the pattern of domestic energy
consumption ensued with more households using fuel wood and other more polluting and less efficient energy sources for cooking.
The paper recommends a transition towards more environmental friendly energy sources for household use. 相似文献
65.
Renjith VishnuRadhan Jerome Sagayadoss Ebin Seelan Ponnumony Vethamony Prabhakar Shirodkar Zaki Zainudin 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):217-234
The monsoon-dominated Mandovi estuary is located in Goa state – a global tourist destination along the centralwest coast of India. In addition to factor analyses of water quality data, the water quality index (WQI), trophic state index (TSI) and percentage of freshwater volume in the estuary are calculated in order to infer the general waste assimilative capacity and prevailing water quality conditions. Factor analysis showed a dominance of PO4–P, NO2–N, NH3–N, total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity during southwest (SW) monsoon relative to other seasons. The WQI suggested that an increase in nutrients, turbidity and TSS during SW monsoon increase the WQI values beyond 2, rendering the water at some locations slightly polluted. During pre-monsoon, considerable increase in the WQI is observed at all the upstream stations rendering slightly polluted water at these stations. The TSI showed an average value of 46.95 during SW monsoon, 42.43 during post-monsoon and 48.42 during the pre-monsoon seasons, suggesting better productivity level during pre-monsoon, followed by SW monsoon, but the least during the post-monsoon. All the seasons, however, indicated a mesotrophic condition in the estuary and the assimilative capacity of the estuary is found to be in good to fairly good state (pre-monsoon?相似文献
66.
The present work proposes to couple quantification of biodegradable organic matter (BOM) with XAD-fractionation. Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) analysis were applied to fractions extracted by XAD resin. An examination of mechanisms during consumption of BOM has been carried out, using comparison of biodegradability between the bulk BOM of samples (landfill leachate and surface water) and the sum of BOM contents obtained for the extracted fractions. Results point out that a cometabolism mechanism seems to be involved during the degradation of the surface water fractions. On the other hand, fractions extracted from the leachate seem to be degraded as primary substratum. The more reactive fractions of the leachate (HPO*) and the water (HPI) have been identified as well the less reactive (HPI* and HPO, respectively). The BDOC contents determined for the bulk leachate and surface water are 10+/-2% and 28+/-2%, respectively. The values of AOC are 107+/-18 microg C acetate L(-1) and 163+/-21 microg C acetate L(-1), respectively. 相似文献
67.
Zheng Maozhong Li Gang Hu Yongle Nriagu Jerome Zama Eric Fru 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):7918-7928
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic (As) pollution can lead to an element imbalance in rice. A hydroponic study was carried out to examine the influence of inorganic (arsenate)... 相似文献
68.
Jerome Buhl Gregory A. Sword Fiona J. Clissold Stephen J. Simpson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(2):265-273
Locust swarms are spectacular and damaging manifestations of animal collective movement. Here, we capture fundamental features
of locust mass movement in the field, including a strongly non-linear relationship between collective alignment and density
known only from earlier theoretical models and laboratory experiments. Migratory bands had a distinct structure, with a single
high-density peak at the front, where collective alignment was high, followed by an exponential decay in density. As predicted
by theory, alignment decreased with decreasing density, and fluctuations of movement direction became large until order amongst
group members at the back of the band was totally lost. Remarkably, we found that the coordinated movement of migratory bands,
which can be several kilometres wide and contain many millions of individuals, results from interactions occurring at a scale
of 13.5 cm or less. Our results indicate that locust band structure and dynamics differ markedly from what is known (or assumed)
about other large moving groups such as fish schools or bird flocks, yet they still conform to key general predictions made
by collective movement models that explain how billions of individuals can align using local interactions. 相似文献
69.
Kristine F. Stepenuck Lois G. Wolfson Barbara W. Liukkonen Jerome M. Iles Timothy S. Grant 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,174(1-4):625-633
Fecal contamination of water is a public health concern for those using the water for drinking or recreation. The EPA recommends using Escherichia coli to evaluate recreational freshwaters for fecal contamination. With limited resources available, states have recently focused on training volunteers to expand data collection and resource assessment. Several bacteria testing methods are available for use by the public; however, few studies have comprehensively evaluated their use by volunteers. This study evaluated two E. coli monitoring methods used by volunteers: Coliscan Easygel® and 3MTM PetrifilmTM, incubated for 24 and 48 hours. The methods were assessed to determine how closely each matched results with EPA-approved laboratory analyses. Analysis of covariance results indicated that when used by volunteers to monitor surface water, 3MTM PetrifilmTM results were more similar to laboratory analyses than Coliscan Easygel®. Both test methods had similar overall accuracy of predicting if a sample exceeded or fell below the 235 cfu/100 mL EPA body contact standard for recreational surface waters. Two-thirds of volunteers preferred 3MTM PetrifilmTM. 相似文献
70.
Jerome Taveau 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(1):15-29
Empirical correlations are often used to estimate safety distances in the event of dust explosions. In Europe, there are two main correlations available in VDI 3673 and EN 14491. Whereas the VDI 3673 correlation is based on experimental investigations of vented dust explosions using large vessels, and assumes an external explosion, the EN 14491 correlation is derived from SKJELTORP et al. internal explosion tests in ammunition storage facility. This paper provides an overview of the experimental studies of vented gas and dust explosion. It aims to highlight the main findings of such studies, while defining the conditions for a secondary explosion to occur and comparing experimental data with the application of standards, in order to propose elements to choose the more appropriate correlation. 相似文献