DNA Heat Treatment for Improving qPCR Analysis of Human Adenovirus in Wastewater

PCR inhibitory substances in complex sample matrices can cause false negatives or under-estimation of target concentration. This study assessed DNA heat treatment for reducing inhibition during qPCR analysis of human adenovirus (HAdV) in wastewater samples. Inhibition was reduced by heat treating DNA, where mean HAdV concentration was increased by 0.71 log₁₀ GC/L (and up to 3.04 log₁₀ GC/L in one case), and replicate variability and false negatives were reduced. DNA heat treatment should be further investigated for improving reliability of HAdV concentration estimates in water, which can support more accurate assessment of health risks associated with viral pathogen exposure.     

Assessment and Evaluation of an Integrated Hybrid Anaerobic–Aerobic Sewage Treatment System for the Removal of Enteric Viruses

The capability of a cost-effective and a small size decentralized pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to remove enteric viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus genogroup I (GGI), norovirus genogroup II (GGII), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), and adenovirus was studied. This pilot plant is an integrated hybrid anaerobic/aerobic setup which consisted of anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), biological aerated filter (BAF), and inclined plate settler (IPS). Both the UASB and BAF are packed with a non-woven polyester fabric (NWPF). Results indicated that the overall log₁₀ reductions of enteric viruses’ genome copies through the whole system were 3.1 ± 1, 3.3 ± 0.5, and 2.6 ± 0.9 log₁₀ for rotavirus, norovirus GGI, and adenovirus, respectively. Reduction efficiency for both norovirus GGII and HEV after the different treatment steps could not be calculated because there were no significant numbers of positive samples for both viruses. The overall reduction of rotavirus infectious units through the whole system was 2.2 ± 0.8 log₁₀ reduction which is very close to the overall log₁₀ reduction of adenovirus infectious units through the whole system which was 2.1 ± 0.8 log₁₀ reduction. There was no considerable difference in the removal efficiency for different rotavirus G and P types. Adenovirus 41 was the only type detected in the all positive samples. Although the pilot WWTP investigated is cost effective, has a small footprint, does not need a long distance network pipes, and easy to operate, its efficiency to remove enteric viruses is comparable with the conventional centralized WWTPs.     

黑龙江及周边中强震前不同参数模型矩加速释放(AMR)现象特征分析

应用时间破裂分析方程中表征地震距释放程度的m值,选取不同空间尺度进行时空扫描研究,得到震前1年以每2个月为时间间隔的空间m值随时间变化的分布图像,运用不同参数设置计算了地震前Benioff累积应变释放特征。通过对比这些变化找出研究区内m值空间分布搜索主震破裂点扫描效果较好的参数模型,尝试性地给出了"矩释放程度空间扫描"方法应用于地震预测的经验指标。并结合与矩加速释放具有相同物理机制的加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)方法进行综合分析,利用这两种方法对地震进行中短期预测,达到两种方法互相检验、相互辅助的目的。考虑到本文仅对6个震例进行研究,无法给出具有统计显著性的结论,所以仍需结合其他方法进行点、线、面的综合分析。     

考虑屈曲行为的钢筋力学性能数值仿真分析

为评估考虑结构中纵筋受压屈曲形态的力学性能,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对长径比(L/D)不同的纵向钢筋在轴向压缩和循环荷载下强度和刚度的变化情况进行数值仿真,同时考虑加载历史和加载方式对钢筋力学性能的影响。结果表明,屈曲对纵向钢筋力学性能影响比较显著,纵向钢筋压缩性能取决于L/D,与钢筋屈服强度无关;钢筋在循环荷载作用下其力学性能受到加载历史、塑性变形、累积损伤以及L/D的影响,拉伸超过屈服应变后将导致钢筋压缩强度的损失,塑性变形和循环加载共同导致了钢筋累积损伤,钢筋屈曲行为造成了受压时钢筋强度和刚度的退化,并且随着L/D的增加钢筋强度和刚度退化越显著。     

两段式曝气对好氧颗粒污泥脱氮性能的影响

基于4个不同进水条件的小试实验探究,得出所接种好氧颗粒污泥表面异养菌在曝气初期阶段大量消耗碳源,对于NO-2-N和NO_3~--N的反硝化效率较低.为此,实验在常温(20~23℃)条件下,在同一周期内先采用低曝气量曝气之后再用高曝气量曝气的两段式曝气方式运行好氧颗粒污泥SBR反应器,低曝气量时长分别取1、2、3 h这3个阶段分别运行,并运用扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对颗粒污泥进行分析,结果表明AGS粒径增大,反硝化能力提升,NO-2-N的反硝化速率(以LVSS计)在低曝气时长为2 h时升至最高,达9.66 mg·(g·h)~(-1).亚硝态氮积累率不断升高至77.84%,总氮去除率最高达70%.颗粒污泥内部孔隙增多,且细菌多以球菌、椭球状及杆菌为主,氨氧化菌(AOB)占总菌的比例由13.70%升至15.40%.因此,通过两段式曝气过程实现了短程同步硝化反硝化过程并具有较好的脱氮性能.     

太湖两种水生植物群落对沉积物中氮素的影响

2012年6月对太湖贡湖湾、南部湖区以及东西山之间水域的两种水生植物——马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和荇菜(Limnanthemun nymphoides)群落内外的沉积物进行样品采集,调查了沉积物中的氮素分布现状.结果表明:①草藻过渡型湖区(贡湖湾)马来眼子菜群落内部0~25 cm的沉积物中Org-N和TN的含量分别比群落外部高38.06%和25.65%.②草型湖区新生植物群落的形成可以促进沉积物(0~25 cm)中各形态氮含量的降低,其中马来眼子菜群落内沉积物(0~25 cm)中TN、Org-N、NH+4-N和NO-3-N的含量较群落外平均降低了43.29%,50.78%,7.09%和10.86%;荇菜群落内部比外部分别降低了4.65%,4.63%,5.01%和2.76%,可以发现马来眼子菜群落的促进作用比荇菜群落明显.③植物群落的存在可以影响沉积物的理化性质.相关性分析显示,植物群落外沉积物的pH与TN显著正相关(P<0.05,n=24),植物群落内部沉积物中pH与沉积物中NH+4-N呈显著负相关(P<0.05,n=24),与硝态氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05,n=24);植物群落内部和外部沉积物的Eh均与TN显著正相关(GMN,P<0.01,R=0.922 8**;NMN,P<0.01,R=0.827 7**;GMW,P<0.05,R=0.748 9*;NMW,P<0.05,R=0.663 7*),但较群落外部而言内部的相关性更强.     

低温等离子体协同处理Hg~0、NO_x、SO_2的机理研究

低温等离子污染物处理技术具有工艺简单、可协同控制多种污染物、占地面积小等特点,是目前在污染物控制技术领域的研究热点。主要介绍气体放电产生低温等离子体去除污染物过程中存在的O2、CO2气体对污染物去除效率的影响、NO x和SO2对Hg去除效率的影响和加入H2O、NH3、HCl对污染物去除效率的影响研究。     

植穴控制体对盐渍土生态重建的可持续性评价

基于盐渍土生态重建过程影响因子的复杂性,采用综合指标评价方法,选取4类母指标和相应的13项子指标对植穴控制体生态重建技术进行可持续评价。4类母指标分别为土壤养分与结构改良程度、生产力持续水平、组分间关系协调性和生态、社会效益,对应的13项子指标分别为:土壤水分、土壤含盐量、土壤养分含量、土壤容重和水质;土地利用效果、土地生产力水平与稳定度、绿地结构与环境功能;生态重建年限、生物群落变化和生态景观效果;小气候效益和游憩的功能效益。经权重分析认为,植穴控制体生态重建技术评价分值为0.772,评价等级为Ⅳ级,表明植穴控制体模式的盐渍土生态重建技术具有较好的稳定性和可持续的功能效应。     

改性聚氨酯载体用于高氨氮废水处理的研究

利用聚丁二酰亚胺对聚氨酯泡沫体进行化学改性处理,研究改性载体固定化微生物处理高氨氮模拟废水的效果。结果表明:当聚氨酯单元与聚丁二酰亚胺单元摩尔比为10∶1时,对泡沫进行改性后聚氨酯泡沫载体亲水性能良好,且具有较高的微生物负载量。改性后泡沫体上具有化学活性的官能团增加,有利于通过载体结合法固定化微生物细胞;,改性后的聚氨酯泡沫体作为微生物固定化载体用于模拟废水处理时,对主要污染指标呈现良好的污染物去除效果。